Evidence that hospital hygiene is important in the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Rampling, Anita; Wiseman, Stephen W.; Davis, Linda; Hyett, A.P.; Walbridge, Andrew; Payne, G.C.; Cornaby, A.J.

doi:10.1053/jhin.2001.1013

Cited by 245 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Moreover, 76.2% of all MRSA isolates carried SCCmec I or III and agr I or II genetic elements and were mainly recovered from patients and indistinguishable from those obtained from HCWs, indicating oligoclonal dissemination and HCW-patient exchange of hospital-acquired-MRSA strains. Implementation of adequate strategies to reduce transmission of MRSA strains in hospital settings is required, as it has been proven by countries which significantly reduced rates of HA-MRSA, including the United Kingdom [22], the Netherlands [23], and France [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance of selected invasive bacteria in a tertiary care center: results of a prospective surveillance study

Djurić

Jovanović

Stošović

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: We aimed to report the distribution and resistance patterns of eight invasive clinically relevant bacteria surveyed in the Clinical Center of Serbia (CCS) in Belgrade. Methodology: A total of 477 clinical blood stream isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. were collected in the period from January to December 2013. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using standard methods and interpreted using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoint criteria. Results: Acinetobacter spp. was the most prevalent bacteria encountered (37%), followed by K. pneumoniae (25.7%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 92.5% of all isolates. Out of 177 strains of Acinetobacter spp., 97.7% were resistant to fluoroquinolones and carbapenems. Resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins was 97.1%, 95.4%, and 95.8% among K. pneumoniae and 21.4%, 21.7%, and 31% among E. coli isolates, respectively. In total, 65.1% of K. pneumoniae and 12.1% of E. coli isolates were determined to be extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive. High-level aminoglycoside resistance of E. faecalis was 71.4%, and glycopeptide resistance of E. faecium was 95%. Out of 66 strains of S. aureus, 63.4% were methicillin resistant. Conclusions: The majority of bloodstream isolates of clinically relevant bacteria in CCS were multidrug resistant. The biggest concerns are carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp., K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa; third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli; vancomycinresistant E. faecium; and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Stricter measures of infection control and antibiotic use are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance of selected invasive bacteria in a tertiary care center: results of a prospective surveillance study

Djurić

Jovanović

Stošović

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…The risk of zoonotic transmission of MRSA between humans and companion animals has been described in households, the community, and healthcare settings (Seguin et al 1999, Manian 2003households and healthcare facilities (Kramer et al 2006, Otter et al 2011. Several studies have implicated hospital surfaces contaminated with nosocomial pathogens, including MRSA, in the dissemination of hospital-acquired infections (Rampling et al 2001, Schultsz et al 2003, Hota 2004, Kramer et al 2006, Sexton et al 2006, Boyce 2007, Weber et al 2010, Otter et al 2011. Paralleling these are reports of the increasing role of MRSA in nosocomial infections in veterinary settings (Seguin et al 1999, Leonard, et al 2006, Weese et al 2007, Benedict et al 2008, McLean and Ness 2008, van Duijkeren et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence, Distribution, and Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin a Small Animal Teaching Hospital: A Year-Long Active Surveillance Targeting Dogs and Their Environment

Balen

Kelley²,

Nava-Hoet³

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known to be present in small animal veterinary clinical environments. However, a better understanding of the ecology and dynamics of MRSA in these environments is necessary for the development of effective infectious disease prevention and control programs. To achieve this goal, a yearlong active MRSA surveillance program was established at The Ohio State University (OSU) Veterinary Medical Center to describe the spatial and molecular epidemiology of this bacterium in the small animal hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, and dendrogram analysis were used to characterize and analyze the 81 environmental and 37 canine-origin MRSA isolates obtained during monthly sampling events. Overall, 13.5% of surfaces were contaminated with MRSA at 1 or more sampling times throughout the year. The majority of the environmental and canine isolates were SCCmec type II (93.8% and 86.5%, respectively) and USA100 (90.1% and 86.5%, respectively). By PFGE analysis, these isolates were found to be closely related, which reflects a low diversity of MRSA strains circulating in the hospital. For 5 consecutive months, 1 unique pulsotype was the most prevalent across the medical services and was recovered from a variety of surfaces and hospital locations. Carts/ gurneys, doors, and examination tables/floors were the most frequently contaminated surfaces. Some surfaces maintained the same pulsotypes for 3 consecutive months. Molecular analysis found that incoming MRSApositive dogs were capable of introducing a new pulsotype into the hospital environment during the surveillance period. Our results suggest that once a MRSA strain is introduced into the hospital environment, it can be maintained and spread for extended periods of time. These findings can aid in the development of biosecurity and biocontainment protocols aimed at reducing environmental contamination and potential exposures to MRSA in veterinary hospital staff, clients, and patients.

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“…In a MRSA outbreak study, Singh et al, (2012) observed the contamination of MRSA in inanimate objects like medicine trolleys, the patient's cabinets, and railing of the beds, the nurses lockers, electric switches and door handles. It was emphasized in several studies that routine cleaning and hand washing alone were not sufficient to control the prolonged outbreaks of MRSA, but proper disinfection was required (Blythe et al, 1998;Rampling et al, 2001). Thus proper disinfection with an effective natural and organic solution is always better than chemical alternatives.…”

Section: Application Of Zitritide For Fumigation In Hospital Environmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of ZITRITIDE, A Natural and Organic Antimicrobial Fogging Solution with Special Reference for Infection Prevention and Control in Hospital Environments and All Other Clean Room Facilities

George¹

2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Evidence that hospital hygiene is important in the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 245 publications

References 18 publications

Antimicrobial resistance of selected invasive bacteria in a tertiary care center: results of a prospective surveillance study

Antimicrobial resistance of selected invasive bacteria in a tertiary care center: results of a prospective surveillance study

Presence, Distribution, and Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin a Small Animal Teaching Hospital: A Year-Long Active Surveillance Targeting Dogs and Their Environment

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of ZITRITIDE, A Natural and Organic Antimicrobial Fogging Solution with Special Reference for Infection Prevention and Control in Hospital Environments and All Other Clean Room Facilities

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