Evidence That Episodic Memory Impairment During Tobacco Abstinence Is Independent of Attentional Mechanisms

Merritt, Paul S.; Cobb, Adam R.; Moissinac, Luke; Hirshman, Elliot

doi:10.1080/00221309.2010.499395

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While these tasks receive widespread use in clinical neuropsychology, they have been less commonly used to evaluate the effects of nicotine/smoking. In limited study, impairments in digit span performance have not been observed amongst nicotine deprived smokers or non-smokers (Jones et al 1992; Merritt et al 2012; Merritt et al 2010). To our knowledge, the present study represents the first test of the effects of nicotine on the spatial span and letter number-sequencing tasks conducted in healthy non-smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Validation of the human odor span task: effects of nicotine

MacQueen

Drobes

2017

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale Amongst non-smokers, nicotine generally enhances performance on tasks of attention, with limited effect on working memory. In contrast, nicotine has been shown to produce robust enhancements of working memory in non-humans. Objectives To address this gap, the present study investigated the effects of nicotine on the performance of non-smokers on a cognitive battery which included a working memory task reverse-translated from use with rodents (the odor span task, OST). Nicotine has been reported to enhance OST performance in rats and the present study assessed whether this effect generalizes to human performance. Methods Thirty non-smokers were tested on three occasions after consuming either placebo, 2mg, or 4mg nicotine gum. On each occasion participants completed a battery of clinical and experimental tasks of working memory and attention. Results Nicotine was associated with dose dependent enhancements in sustained attention, as evidenced by increased hit accuracy on the rapid visual information processing (RVIP) task. However, nicotine failed to produce main effects on OST performance or on alternative measures of working memory (digit span, spatial span, letter-number sequencing, 2-back) or attention (digits forward, 0-back). Interestingly, enhancement of RVIP performance occurred concomitant to significant reductions in self-reported attention/concentration. Human OST performance was significantly related to N-back performance and, as in rodents, OST accuracy declined with increasing memory load. Conclusions Given the similarity of human and rodent OST performance under baseline conditions and the strong association between OST and visual 0-back accuracy, the OST may be particular useful in the study of conditions characterized by inattention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Validation of the human odor span task: effects of nicotine

MacQueen

Drobes

2017

Psychopharmacology

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“…Withdrawal and craving following periods of smoking abstinence result in a variety of executive function deficits including working memory (Hirshman, Rhodes, Zinser, & Merritt, 2004;Merritt et al, 2010). While temporal discounting is correlated with working memory (Bickel, Yi, Landes, Hill, & Baxter, 2011;Shamosh et al, 2008) and is a possible surrogate measure of executive functioning (Bickel & Yi, 2008;Olson et al, 2009), few studies have examined temporal discounting during smoking abstinence; we are aware of only two studies that have examined temporal discounting of rewards by smokers during a period of smoking abstinence.…”

Section: Temporal Discounting During Smoking Abstinencementioning

confidence: 95%

Temporal and Probability Discounting by Cigarette Smokers Following Acute Smoking Abstinence

Landes

2012

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Given the lack of consensus regarding changes in temporal and probability discounting as a function of smoking abstinence in cigarette smokers, the present study comprehensively examined possible changes in these processes following a period of acute smoking abstinence consistent with elevated withdrawal symptoms and craving. Methods:Computerized temporal and probability discounting assessments were collected from cigarette smokers following normal smoking and 24-hr smoking abstinence, with the order of normal smoking and abstinence sessions counterbalanced across participants. Other conditions included commodity (money and cigarettes), sign (gains and losses), and magnitude ($50 and $1,000).Results: Twenty four-hour smoking abstinence resulted in a reduction in expired carbon monoxide to near-zero levels and increases in withdrawal and craving. Examination of discounting parameters as a function of smoking abstinence revealed a general pattern of increase in the temporal discounting of monetary gains and losses following abstinence but not in the temporal discounting of cigarettes nor probability discounting of money or cigarettes. Pearson correlations also revealed an expected pattern of significant relationships. Conclusions:The present study is a comprehensive examination of temporal and probability discounting following smoking abstinence and reveals a generalized change in intertemporal decision making for monetary rewards.

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“…concentration (Hendricks et al 2006; Hughes et al 1991; Hughes et al 1994), attention (Hughes et al 1989; Jacobsen et al 2005), learning and memory (Jacobsen et al 2007; Mendrek et al 2006; Merritt et al 2010; Snyder et al 1989), and maladaptive cortical plasticity (Grundey et al 2012). Remarkably, few studies have used the extended access self-administration model in rodents to investigate the effects of nicotine self-administration with periodic deprivation on neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and PFC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended access nicotine self-administration with periodic deprivation increases immature neurons in the hippocampus

et al. 2014

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Rationale Limited access nicotine self-administration decreases hippocampal neurogenesis, providing a mechanism for the deleterious effects of nicotine on hippocampal neuronal plasticity. However, recent studies have shown that limited access nicotine self-administration does not exhibit key features of nicotine dependence such as motivational withdrawal and increased motivation for nicotine after deprivation. Objectives The present study used extended access nicotine self-administration (0.03 mg/kg/infusion, 21h/day (d), 4d) with intermittent periods of deprivation (3d) for 14 weeks, to test the hypothesis that this model enhances nicotine seeking and produces distinct responses in hippocampal neurogenesis when compared with limited access (1h/day, 4d) intake. Animals in the extended access group were either perfused prior to or following their final deprivation period, whereas animals in the limited access group were perfused after their last session. Results Limited access nicotine self-administration and extended access nicotine self-administration with periodic deprivation did not affect proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Conversely, extended access nicotine self-administration with periodic deprivation enhanced proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal neural progenitors. Furthermore, in the hippocampus, the number of differentiating NeuroD-labeled cells strongly and positively correlated with enhanced nicotine seeking in rats that experienced extended access nicotine self-administration. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that extended access versus limited access to nicotine self-administration differentially affects the generation of new oligodendroglia and new neurons during adulthood. The increases in the number of differentiating cells in extended access nicotine self-administering rats may consequently contribute to aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis and may contribute to maladaptive addiction-like behaviors dependent on the hippocampus.

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Evidence That Episodic Memory Impairment During Tobacco Abstinence Is Independent of Attentional Mechanisms

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Validation of the human odor span task: effects of nicotine

Validation of the human odor span task: effects of nicotine

Temporal and Probability Discounting by Cigarette Smokers Following Acute Smoking Abstinence

Extended access nicotine self-administration with periodic deprivation increases immature neurons in the hippocampus

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