Evidence that birth weight is decreased by maternal lead levels below 5μg/dl in male newborns

Nishioka, Emiko; Yokoyama, Kazuhito; Matsukawa, Tetsuya; Vigeh, Mohsen; Hirayama, Satoshi; Ueno, Toshihide; Miida, Takashi; Makino, Shintaro; Takeda, Satoru

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.05.007

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Nonetheless, our study has the advantages of a relatively large sample size, comprehensive evaluation of socioeconomic status, and estimates of maternal parenting behavior. We took advantage of the longitudinal design of the parent study by including maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and infant birth weight in the models to control for these potentially confounding effects and to exclude any indirect effect of prenatal lead exposure that can be reflected on birth weight ( Nishioka et al 2014 ). Our study also has a good representation of a low- to middle-class urban Mexican population and accurate estimate of concurrent lead exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Blood Lead Levels and Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Cross-Sectional Study of Mexican Children

Huang

Sánchez

et al. 2016

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:Previous studies suggest that blood lead levels are positively associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD-symptoms in children. However, the associations between lead exposure and ADHD subtypes are inconsistent and understudied.Objective:The objective of this study was to explore the association of low-level concurrent lead exposure with subtypes of ADHD symptoms in 578 Mexican children 6–13 years of age.Methods:We measured concurrent blood lead levels using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). We administered the Conners’ Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R) to mothers to evaluate their children’s ADHD symptoms. We used imputation to fill missing values in blood lead levels and used segmented regression models adjusted for relevant covariates to model the nonlinear relationship between blood lead and ADHD symptoms.Results:Mean ± SD blood lead levels were 3.4 ± 2.9 μg/dL. In adjusted models, a 1-μg/dL increase in blood lead was positively associated with Hyperactivity and Restless-Impulsivity scores on the CRS-R scale and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity scores on the CRS-R scale of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, but only in children with blood lead level ≤ 5 μg/dL. Blood lead was not associated with Inattentive symptoms or overall ADHD behavior.Conclusions:In this population of Mexican children, current blood lead level among children with low exposure (≤ 5 μg/dL) was positively associated with hyperactive/impulsive behaviors, but not with inattentiveness. These results add to the existing evidence of lead-associated neurodevelopmental deficits at low levels of exposure.Citation:Huang S, Hu H, Sánchez BN, Peterson KE, Ettinger AS, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Schnaas L, Mercado-García A, Wright RO, Basu N, Cantonwine DE, Hernández-Avila M, Téllez-Rojo MM. 2016. Childhood blood lead levels and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a cross-sectional study of Mexican children. Environ Health Perspect 124:868–874; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510067

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Blood Lead Levels and Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Cross-Sectional Study of Mexican Children

Huang

Sánchez

et al. 2016

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Lead also binds to sulfhydryl groups and inhibits enzymes involved in heme synthesis, which is important for cellular respiration and metabolism, as well as hemoglobin synthesis (Flora et al 2012). Several epidemiological studies have shown inconsistent associations of prenatal lead exposure and fetal growth (Burris et al 2011; Cantonwine et al 2010; Gonzalez-Cossio et al 1997; Jelliffe-Pawlowski et al 2006; Nishioka et al 2014; Wigle et al 2007; Zhang et al 2015; Zhu et al 2010). These studies used traditional regression methods, also known as ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, to estimate the conditional mean response of the association between prenatal lead exposure and fetal growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal lead exposure and fetal growth: Smaller infants have heightened susceptibility

Rodosthenous

Burris²,

Svensson

et al. 2017

Environment International

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Background As population lead levels decrease, the toxic effects of lead may be distributed to more sensitive populations, such as infants with poor fetal growth. Objectives To determine the association of prenatal lead exposure and fetal growth; and to evaluate whether infants with poor fetal growth are more susceptible to lead toxicity than those with normal fetal growth. Methods We examined the association of second trimester maternal blood lead levels (BLL) with birthweight-for-gestational age (BWGA) z-score in 944 mother-infant participants of the PROGRESS cohort. We determined the association between maternal BLL and BWGA z-score by using both linear and quantile regression. We estimated odds ratios for small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants between maternal BLL quartiles using logistic regression. Maternal age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, parity, household smoking exposure, hemoglobin levels, and infant sex were included as confounders. Results While linear regression showed a negative association between maternal BLL and BWGA z-score (β=−0.06 z-score units per log2 BLL increase; 95% CI: −0.13, 0.003; P=0.06), quantile regression revealed larger magnitudes of this association in the <30th percentiles of BWGA z-score (β range [−0.08, −0.13] z-score units per log2 BLL increase; all P values <0.05). Mothers in the highest BLL quartile had an odds ratio of 1.62 (95% CI: 0.99–2.65) for having a SGA infant compared to the lowest BLL quartile. Conclusions While both linear and quantile regression showed a negative association between prenatal lead exposure and birthweight, quantile regression revealed that smaller infants may represent a more susceptible subpopulation.

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“…On the other hand, some adverse pregnancy outcomes have been reported at blood lead levels lower than supposedly be ʻsafeʼ (≤5 μg/dl), which adopted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates a screening action guideline in pregnant women and children few years ago 6) . Similarly, our recent studies have revealed several pregnancy complications induced by lower than the ʻaccept-ableʼ blood lead level, such as preterm birth 7) , preterm rupture of the membrane 8) , pregnancy hypertension 9) , and low birth weight 10) . In addition, not only pregnant women but also people of general population can be effected by blood lead at relatively very low-level (-2 μg/dl), such as myocardial infarction and stroke mortality 11) .…”

Section: Low-level Lead and Pregnancy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Are Current ‘Acceptable’ Blood Lead Levels Safe for Female Workers of Reproductive Age?

Vigeh

Yokoyama

2014

Juntendo Medical Journal

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Although occupational exposure to lead has declined dramatically since the establishment of better occupational hygiene and the improvement of standards, chronic exposure at a low level has remained a public health problem in many societies. Because many adverse pregnancy outcomes have been reported at ʻacceptableʼ blood lead levels (≤5 μg/dl), occupational health policymakers should improve the industrial standard of lead exposure for female workers of reproductive age. To achieve this goal, there is a need to carry out more studies on pregnant female workers in lead-related industries to find a safe level for them. In addition, blood lead screening programs for female workers should be considered on regular bases during reproductive age.

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Evidence that birth weight is decreased by maternal lead levels below 5μg/dl in male newborns

Cited by 39 publications

References 63 publications

Childhood Blood Lead Levels and Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Cross-Sectional Study of Mexican Children

Childhood Blood Lead Levels and Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Cross-Sectional Study of Mexican Children

Prenatal lead exposure and fetal growth: Smaller infants have heightened susceptibility

Are Current ‘Acceptable’ Blood Lead Levels Safe for Female Workers of Reproductive Age?

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Evidence that birth weight is decreased by maternal lead levels below 5μg/dl in male newborns

Cited by 39 publications

References 63 publications

Childhood Blood Lead Levels and Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Cross-Sectional Study of Mexican Children

Childhood Blood Lead Levels and Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Cross-Sectional Study of Mexican Children

Prenatal lead exposure and fetal growth: Smaller infants have heightened susceptibility

Are Current &lsquo;Acceptable&rsquo; Blood Lead Levels Safe for Female Workers of Reproductive Age?

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Are Current ‘Acceptable’ Blood Lead Levels Safe for Female Workers of Reproductive Age?