Evidence that accent is a dedicated dimension of social categorization, not a byproduct of coalitional categorization

Pietraszewski, David; Schwartz, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.09.005

Cited by 88 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In both current and past studies (Kurzban et al, 2001;Pietraszewski et al, 2014;Pietraszewski & Schwartz, 2014b) we have found that transient, small-scale, and volatile patterns of antagonism, cooperation, and shared opinions change racial categorization. In contrast to coalitions, ethnies are stable social units.…”

Section: Race and Politicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Including age is an obvious and necessary next step because age is the last remaining category of the "big three"-social categories that have been argued to be equally-primary and chronically-activated modes of person perception and categorization-age, race, and sex (Cosmides, et al, 2003;Lieberman et al, 2008;cf. Cabecinhas & Amâncio, 1999;Maddox & Chase, 2004;Pietraszewski & Schwartz, 2014b) . 5 Therefore, in the current studies age is included as a second contrastive social category, along with sex.…”

Section: Categorization By Age: a More Stringent Test Of The Selectivmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constituents of political cognition: Race, party politics, and the alliance detection system

et al. 2015

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!Research suggests that the mind contains a set of adaptations for detecting alliances: an alliance detection system, which monitors for, encodes, and stores alliance information and then modifies the activation of stored alliance categories according to how likely they will predict behavior within a particular social interaction. Previous studies have established the activation of this system when exposed to explicit competition or cooperation between individuals. In the current studies we examine if shared political opinions produce these same effects. In particular, (1) if participants will spontaneously categorize individuals according to the parties they support, even when explicit cooperation and antagonism are absent, and (2) if party support is sufficiently powerful to decrease participants' categorization by an orthogonal but typically-diagnostic alliance cue (in this case the target's race). Evidence was found for both: Participants spontaneously and implicitly kept track of who supported which party, and when party cross-cut race-such that the race of targets was not predictive of party support-categorization by race was dramatically reduced. To verify that these results reflected the operation of a cognitive system for modifying the activation of alliance categories, and not just socially-relevant categories in general, an identical set of studies was also conducted with in which party was either crossed with sex or age (neither of which is predicted to be primarily an alliance category). As predicted, categorization by party occurred to the same degree, and there was no reduction in either categorization by sex or by age. All effects were replicated across two sets of between-subjects conditions. These studies provide the first direct empirical evidence that party politics engages the mind's systems for detecting alliances and establish two important social categorization phenomena: (1) that categorization by age is, like sex, not affected by alliance information and (2) that political contexts can reduce the degree to which individuals are represented in terms of their race.!

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Section: Race and Politicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Categorization By Age: a More Stringent Test Of The Selectivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constituents of political cognition: Race, party politics, and the alliance detection system

et al. 2015

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“…Notes 1. Klauer, Hölzenbein, Calanchini, and Sherman (2014) Pietraszewski et al, 2015), these have been addressed in subsequent work, and even clearer evidence in support of the race as coalitional by-product hypothesis has been found, with many betweensubject replications (Pietraszewski et al, 2014(Pietraszewski et al, , 2015Pietraszewski & Schwartz, 2014b). These more recent results also falsify competitive category use as a counterhypothesis and avoid the methodological issues introduced by the Klauer et al method, in which an additional old/new discrimination task is placed in front of (and thus can interfere with) the categorization memory task and in which there are asymmetries between the ''weak'' and ''strong'' categories with respect to this task across conditions (creating task, priming, and memory confounds between conditions).…”

Section: Fundingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, when an experimental context does contain coalitional information, such that an alternative coalition dimension is presented and race no longer correlates who is allied with whom, spontaneous and implicit categorization by race is reduced, both in cooperative contexts (Pietraszewski et al, 2014;Pietraszewski & Schwartz, 2014b) and, most recently, in political contexts (Pietraszewski et al, 2015). Moreover, other chronically activated categories, such as sex, age, or accent, are not effected by these very same manipulations.…”

Section: Racial Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, other chronically activated categories, such as sex, age, or accent, are not effected by these very same manipulations. Racial categorization is also upregulated and downregulated by the same contextual relevance manipulations that upregulate and downregulate other coalitional categories (Pietraszewski et al, 2014; see also Cabecinhas & Amâncio, 1999;Maddox & Chase, 2004;Pietraszewski & Schwartz, 2014a, 2014bvan Bavel & Cunningham, 2009;Weisman, Johnson, & Shutts, 2014;Wilson, See, Bernstein, Hugenberg, & Chartier, 2014 for complementary evidence).…”

Section: Racial Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Priming Race

Pietraszewski

2015

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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Recent research shows that racial categorization can be reduced by contexts in which race does not predict how people interact and get along-a manipulation with little to no effect on sex and age. This suggests that our minds attend to race as an implicit cue to how people are likely to get along. However, the underlying mechanism of how these contexts reduce race is not yet known. Is race not encoded? Or, is race encoded, but then inhibited? The present study arbitrates between these possibilities. Results demonstrate that the reduction in racial categorization is happening at recall. Participants are still encoding targets' race, but this information is locked away or inhibited. This clarifies how the mind switches away from previously relevant, but now irrelevant, social cues: it does not immediately abandon them, rather, it encodes them but inhibits their use.

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The Evolution and Ontogeny of Ritual

Legare

Watson‐Jones

2015

The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology

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Convergent developments across social scientific disciplines provide evidence that ritual is a psychologically prepared, culturally inherited, behavioral trademark of our species. We draw on evidence from the anthropological and evolutionary science literatures to provide a psychological account of the social functions of ritual in group behavior. Solving the adaptive problems associated with group living requires psychological mechanisms for identifying group members, ensuring their commitment to the group, facilitating cooperation with their coalition, and maintaining group cohesion. We also examine evidence that the threat of social exclusion and loss of status motivates engagement in ritual throughout development and provides an account of the ontogeny of ritual cognition. The intersection of these lines of inquiry promises to provide new avenues for theory and research on the evolution and ontogeny of social group cognition.

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Evidence that accent is a dedicated dimension of social categorization, not a byproduct of coalitional categorization

Cited by 88 publications

References 30 publications

Constituents of political cognition: Race, party politics, and the alliance detection system

Constituents of political cognition: Race, party politics, and the alliance detection system

Priming Race

The Evolution and Ontogeny of Ritual

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