Evidence supporting the memory disruption hypothesis of electro-convulsive shock action

Banker, Gary; Hunt, Earl; Pagano, Robert R.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(69)90037-7

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The various agents may, for example, produce a generalized emotional response to the training environment which competes with the avoidance response. The relation between the ITE effect in goldfish and the reported training stimulus-ECS interactions in rats [2,7,8,11,12,15] is not clear. An important question to be answered is whether environmental control varies with different external stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental control of ECS-produced retrograde amnesia in goldfish

Davis

Hirtzel

1970

Physiology & Behavior

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The retrograde amnestic effect of ECS can be enhanced by exposing the goldfish to the intertrial environment for 25 mm just prior to administration of the ECS. As the interval between training and the ECS is increased, the amnesm produced by the environment-ECS interaction takes longer to develop. The environment-dependent effects of ECS relate to those of other amnestic agents which have previously been described. Amnesia Memory consolidation Shock avoidance Conditioning goldfish Electroconvulsive shock

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental control of ECS-produced retrograde amnesia in goldfish

Davis

Hirtzel

1970

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Caution is warranted in evaluating the evidence that the activity of a memory, not its age, is the primary determinant of its vulnerability. While a number of independent laboratories have replicated the finding of amnesia for old reactivated memories (Davis & Hirtzel, 1970;DeVietti & Holliday, 1972;Gerson & Henderson, 1978;Misanin et aI., 1968;Robbins & Meyer, 1970;Schneider & Sherman, 1968), many negative findings have also been obtained (Banker, Hunt, & Pagano, 1969;Dawson & McGaugh, 1969;Gold & King, 1972;Jamieson & Albert, 1970;Weaver & Geoffrey, 1969). The one clinical adaptation of this paradigm (Squire, Slater, & Chance, 1976) also reported no detectable amnesia for an old reactivated memory following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) , although amnesia is a common sequela for learning shortly prior to ECT (Cronholm & Lagergren, 1959;Zubin & Barrera, 1941).…”

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confidence: 86%

Hypothermia-induced amnesia for newly acquired and old reactivated memories: Commonalities and distinctions

et al. 1982

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A series of six experiments compared the characteristics of hypothermia-induced amnesia for newly acquired and old reactivated memories. Old memory, when reactivated by cue exposure, was disrupted by mild or deep hypothermia treatment, while new memory was impaired only by deep cooling. Mild hypothermia had no disruptive influence on either new or old memories. Old, but not new, learning showed recovery from amnesia in a ' test-retest procedure. The onset of amnesia was more rapid for an old reactivated memory than for a newly acquired memory. The susceptibility of memory to disruption decreased over time following original learning or cue reactivation, although this decrease was, if anything, more rapid following the cuing procedure. Recovery from amnesia could be induced by a recooling reminder treatment and was similar for both new and old memories. It was suggested that activity of, or access to, memory rather than age per se determines susceptibility to disruption. The process of memory reactivation appears somewhat more sensitive, rapid, and brief than the process(es) of memory formation. However, that the underlying old memory remains stable over time was supported by the strong retention when specific implicit or explicit reactivation cues were available. The temporal organization has long been held as an important dimension in the study of the diseases of memory. Since the late 19th century, when Ribot (1883) formulated his "law of regression," old memories have been viewed as more stable and less susceptible to disruption than recently acquired learning. However, since this rule was based on anecdotal and observational reports of human amnesia and senility, it is not surprising that the clinical literature suggests little agreement on the validity of Ribot's

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“…I n a comparable study using mice, we found that a footshock given prior to ECS did not increase the effectiveness of ECS as an amnesic agent (McGaugh, Alpern & Luttges, in preparation). Other studies using rats have also failed to confirm the findings of Schneider and Sherman (Jamieson & Albert, 1970;Banker, Hunt, & Pagano, 1969), but if these findings should turn out to be viable it would be necessary to distinguish the possible influences of FS on memory storage processes from the influences of FS on the effectiveness of an ECS treatment. The examination of brain seizure thresholds and the characteristics of seizure activity with and without.…”

Section: Time Vs Events As Determinants Of the Treatment Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 97%