Evidence of zoonotic <i>Poxviridae</i> coinfections in clinically diagnosed papillomas using a newly developed mini-array test

Scagliarini, Alessandra; Casa, Giovanni Della; Trentin, Bernadette; Gallina, Laura; Savini, Federica; Morent, Marine; Llombart‐Bosch, Antonio; Puleio, Roberto; Buttaci, C.; Cannella, Vincenza; Purpari, Giuseppa; Marco, Patrizia Di; Piquemal, David; Guercio, Annalisa

doi:10.1177/1040638715614604

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The Parapoxvirus of Red Deer in New Zealand (PVNZ), described by Robinson and Mercer (10) has now become the fourth PPV species (11). OV, PCPV, and PVNZ have been detected in several deer species including: white-tailed deer from the United States (12,13), red deer (Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand, Italy and Germany (10,11,14,15), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) in Italy and Austria (16,53) and ibex (Capra ibex) in Italy (14) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Scandinavia (17,18). In 2018, Tryland and collaborators reported parapoxvirus infections in caribou and Sitka black-tailed deer confirming that most of the wild ruminant species in Alaska can be affected by OV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitheliotropic Infections in Wildlife Ruminants From the Central Alps and Stelvio National Park

et al. 2020

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The mountain chain of the Alps, represents the habitat of alpine fauna where the red deer (Cervus elaphus) population is the outmost numerous, followed by the chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) and the alpine ibex (Capra ibex) at higher altitudes. Previous reports showed the circulation of epitheliotropic viruses, belonging to the families Papillomaviridae and Poxviridae, causing skin and mucosal lesions in wild ruminants of the Stelvio National Park, situated in the area. To deepen our knowledge on the natural dynamics of the infections, a passive surveillance on all the cases of proliferative skin and mucosal lesions in wild ruminants was performed. Twenty-seven samples (11 chamois, 10 red deer and 6 ibex) collected from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed by negative staining electron microscopy, histology, and PCR followed by genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Results confirmed the spread of Parapoxvirus of Red Deer in New Zealand (PVNZ) in Italy, and its ability to cause severe lesions i.e., erosions and ulcers in the mouth. We showed for the first time a PVNZ/CePV1v (C. elaphus papillomavirus 1 variant) co-infection identified in one red deer. This result supports previous evidence on the ability of papillomavirus and parapoxvirus to mutually infect the same host tissue. Interestingly two ibex and one chamois showing orf virus (OV) skin lesions were shown to be co-infected with bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2. The presence of bovine papillomavirus, in orf virus induced lesions of chamois and ibex raises the question of its pathogenetic role in these animal species. For the first time, OV/CePV1v co-infection was demonstrated in another chamois. CePV1v is sporadically reported in red deer throughout Europe and is considered species specific, its identification in a chamois suggests its ability of cross-infecting different animal species. Poxviruses and papillomavirus have been simultaneously detected also in the skin lesions of cattle, bird and human suggesting a possible advantageous interaction between these viruses. Taken together, our findings add further information on the epidemiology and pathogenetic role of epitheliotropic viruses in wild ruminants living in the central Alps and in Stelvio National Park.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitheliotropic Infections in Wildlife Ruminants From the Central Alps and Stelvio National Park

et al. 2020

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“…Occasionally, human infections may be severe, in immunocompromised and eczematous patients, particularly children (Medscape, ). In Italy, few events involving OPV were previously reported, and human cases have been reported after exposure to infected llamas and cats (Cardeti et al., ; Carletti et al., ; Scagliarini et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational transmission of an Orthopoxvirus infection during an outbreak in a colony of Macaca tonkeana in Lazio Region, Italy, 2015

Puro

Fusco

Castilletti

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Orthopoxviruses spill over from animal reservoirs to accidental hosts, sometimes causing human infections. We describe the surveillance and infection control measures undertaken during an outbreak due to an Orthopoxvirus occurred in January 2015 in a colony of Macaca tonkeana in the province of Rieti, Latio, Italy, which caused a human asymptomatic infection. According to the epidemiological investigation, the human transmission occurred after an unprotected exposure. The contacts among wild, captive and domestic animals and humans, together with decreased immunity against Orthopoxviruses in the community, may put animal handlers at risk of infection, especially after the cessation of smallpox vaccination. To reduce these threats, standard precautions including respiratory hygiene and transmission-based precautions should be carefully applied also in veterinary medicine.

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“…A few cases of orthopoxvirus infection have been reported in Italy. In southern Italy, orthopoxvirus infections with CPXV have been described in domestic ruminants ( 19 ). At a farm in the region of Lazio, Italy, a CPXV outbreak occurred involving 7 llamas, which were suspected to have been infected via infected mice that were introduced to feed the birds of prey at the farm ( 20 ).…”

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Fatal Outbreak in Tonkean Macaques Caused by Possibly Novel Orthopoxvirus, Italy, January 20151

Cardeti¹,

Gruber²,

Eleni³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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In January 2015, during a 3-week period, 12 captive Tonkean macacques at a sanctuary in Italy died. An orthopoxvirus infection was suspected because of negative-staining electron microscopy results. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology, virus isolation, and molecular analysis performed on different organs from all animals. An epidemiologic investigation was unable to define the infection source in the surrounding area. Trapped rodents were negative by virologic testing, but specific IgG was detected in 27.27% of small rodents and 14.28% of rats. An attenuated live vaccine was administered to the susceptible monkey population, and no adverse reactions were observed; a detectable humoral immune response was induced in most of the vaccinated animals. We performed molecular characterization of the orthopoxvirus isolate by next-generation sequencing. According to the phylogenetic analysis of the 9 conserved genes, the virus could be part of a novel clade, lying between cowpox and ectromelia viruses.

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Evidence of zoonotic Poxviridae coinfections in clinically diagnosed papillomas using a newly developed mini-array test

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Epitheliotropic Infections in Wildlife Ruminants From the Central Alps and Stelvio National Park

Epitheliotropic Infections in Wildlife Ruminants From the Central Alps and Stelvio National Park

Occupational transmission of an Orthopoxvirus infection during an outbreak in a colony of Macaca tonkeana in Lazio Region, Italy, 2015

Fatal Outbreak in Tonkean Macaques Caused by Possibly Novel Orthopoxvirus, Italy, January 20151

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