Evidence of supershear during the 2018 magnitude 7.5 Palu earthquake from space geodesy

Socquet, Anne; Hollingsworth, James; Pathier, Erwan; Bouchon, Micheĺ

doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0296-0

Cited by 207 publications

(269 citation statements)

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“…The slip inversion of Model 1 has a similar fault geometry as the USGS and Socquet et al () model. The initial surface elevations (seen in top row of Figure ) tend to be largest at locations further south in the bay than the USGS and Socquet models.…”

Section: Earthquake Generated Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The teleseismic source inversions from the USGS showed that the seismic data can also be fitted with a model with less than

\sim

2 m of dip‐slip component. This model and the model of Socquet et al (), determined from optical image correlation data, give a range of small dip‐slip components that will also be evaluated in the tsunami simulations.…”

Section: Earthquake Generated Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The COMCOT model is capable of simulating the runup of the tsunami waves by utilizing a moving boundary scheme (Wang, ). The simulations are carried out for the 12 hypothetical fault models from the InSAR source inversions, as well as the published slip inversion results from the USGS and Socquet et al () (presented in Figure S18).…”

Section: Earthquake Generated Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The yellow depth contours are expressed in meters. The runup values associated with the USGS model and Socquet et al () earthquake models are also presented as cyan and magenta curves, respectively. We have added a tidal level of 1.02 m above mean sea level to the de‐tided runup values of Omira et al ().…”

Section: Earthquake Generated Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rapid teleseismic earthquake source inversion by the USGS (referred to as the USGS model hereafter) produced a fault rupture that initiated

\sim

30 km northeast of the geologically mapped Palu‐Koro fault and cut across the general orientation of the bay. A single straight fault with the same orientation was also used in a joint inversion for the fault slip constrained with InSAR and optical imagery data (Socquet et al, ). These results and slip models from other researchers have been used to estimate the coseismic seafloor deformation and the corresponding initial tsunami surface elevation (e.g., Heidarzadeh et al, ) however, the tsunami simulations underestimate the runup heights reported in the post‐tsunami surveys (Fritz et al, ; Omira et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the Sources of the 2018 Palu, Indonesia, Tsunami Using Videos From Social Media

et al. 2020

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The 2018 Palu tsunami contributed significantly to the devastation caused by the associated MW 7.5 earthquake. This began a debate about how the moderate size earthquake triggered such a large tsunami within Palu Bay, with runups of more than 10 m. The possibility of a large component of vertical coseismic deformation and submarine landslides have been considered as potential explanations. However, scarce instrumental data have made it difficult to resolve the potential contributions from either type of source. We use tsunami waveforms derived from social media videos in Palu Bay to model the possible sources of the tsunami. We invert InSAR data with different fault geometries and use the resulting seafloor displacements to simulate tsunamis. The coseismic sources alone cannot match both the video‐derived time histories and surveyed runups. Then we conduct a tsunami source inversion using the video‐derived time histories and a tide gauge record as inputs. We specify hypothetical landslide locations and solve for initial tsunami elevation. Our results, validated with surveyed runups, show that a limited number of landslides in southern Palu Bay are sufficient to explain the tsunami data. The Palu tsunami highlights the difficulty in accurately capturing with tide gauges the amplitude and timing of short period waves that can have large impacts at the coast. The proximity of landslides to locations of high fault slip also suggests that tsunami hazard assessment in strike‐slip environments should include triggered landslides, especially for locations where the coastline morphology is strongly linked to fault geometry.

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Section: Earthquake Generated Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The teleseismic source inversions from the USGS showed that the seismic data can also be fitted with a model with less than