Evidence of Subthalamic PGO-like Waves During REM Sleep in Humans: a Deep Brain Polysomnographic Study

Fernández-Mendoza, Julio; Lozano, Beatriz Rodríguez; Seijo, F.; Santamarta-Liébana, Elena; Ramos-Platón, María José; Vela‐Bueno, Antonio; Fernández-González, F

doi:10.1093/sleep/32.9.1117

Cited by 59 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Shortly after this study, another was conducted using a similar cohort of patients with Parkinson’s Disease, however in this case the sample size was considerably expanded to include 12 individuals (Fernández-Mendoza et al, 2009). Deep Brain Stimulation electrodes were surgically implanted under general anesthetic with recordings commencing 84 h after surgery.…”

Section: Pgo Waves In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Red lines (top) indicate three recording sites in the Right STN, while Blue lines (bottom) indicate three recording sites in the Left STN. Image adapted from Fernández-Mendoza et al (2009). …”

Section: Pgo Waves In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to fully understand and comprehend the complex issues surrounding false inferences in human sensory perception, an interdisciplinary approach is required, and this must thoroughly investigate the phenomenon in question, using both sound theoretical understanding and sophisticated imaging methods. Since there is general optimism that human and feline anatomical structures responsible for PGO wave generation share many similarities (Vanni-Mercier and Debilly, 1998; Fernández-Mendoza et al, 2009), the translational value of feline studies conducted in previous decades remains a significant asset to future research. This is especially the case when attempting to develop a theoretical understanding of the relationship between PGO wave activity and macroscopic, observable behavior.…”

Section: Introduction To Pgo Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a Functional Understanding of PGO Waves

Gott

Liley

Hobson

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) waves are biphasic field potentials identified in a range of mammalian species that are ubiquitous with sleep, but can also be identified in waking perception and eye movement. Their role in REM sleep and visual perception more broadly may constitute a promising avenue for further research, however what was once an active field of study has recently fallen into stasis. With the reality that invasive recordings performed on animals cannot be replicated in humans; while animals themselves cannot convey experience to the extent required to elucidate how PGO waves factor into awareness and behavior, innovative solutions are required if significant research outcomes are to ever be realized. Advances in non-invasive imaging technologies and sophistication in imaging methods now offer substantial scope to renew the study of the electrophysiological substrates of waking and dreaming perception. Among these, Magnetoencephalogram (MEG) stands out through its capacity to measure deep brain activations with high temporal resolution. With the current trend in sleep and dream research to produce translational findings of psychopathological and medical significance, in addition to the clear links that PGO wave generation sites share, pharmacologically, with receptors involved in expression of mental illness; there is a strong case to support scientific research into PGO waves and develop a functional understanding of their broader role in human perception.

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Section: Pgo Waves In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pgo Waves In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To Pgo Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a Functional Understanding of PGO Waves

Gott

Liley

Hobson

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Another study was conducted using a similar cohort of patients with Parkinson's Disease, with an expanded sample of 12 subjects 34 . The conclusions were that subthalamic PGO-like waves can be recorded during pre-REM and REM sleep in humans and that the subthalamic nucleus may play an active role in an ascending activating network implicated in the transmission of PGO waves during REM sleep in humans.…”

Section: Pgos In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Eye Movements (REMs) and visual dream recall in both congenitally blind and sighted subjects

Bértolo

Mestre

Barrio

et al. 2017

Third International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics

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Our objective was to evaluate rapid eye movements (REMs) associated with visual dream recall in sighted subjects and congenital blind. During two consecutive nights polysomnographic recordings were performed at subjects home. REMs were detected by visual inspection on both EOG channels (EOG-H, EOG-V) and further classified as occurring isolated or in bursts. Dream recall was defined by the existence of a dream report. The two groups were compared using t-test and also the two-way ANOVA and a post-hoc Fisher test (for the features diagnosis (blind vs. sighted) and dream recall (yes or no) as a function of time). The average of REM awakenings per subject and the recall ability were identical in both groups. CB had a lower REM density than CS; the same applied to REM bursts and isolated eye movements. In the two-way ANOVA, REM bursts and REM density were significantly different for positive dream recall, mainly for the CB group and for diagnosis; furthermore for both features significant results were obtained for the interaction of time, recall and diagnosis; the interaction of recall and time was however, stronger. In line with previous findings the data show that blind have lower REMs density. However the ability of dream recall in congenitally blind and sighted controls is identical. In both groups visual dream recall is associated with an increase in REM bursts and density. REM bursts also show differences in the temporal profile. REM visual dream recall is associated with increased REMs activity. 3,4,5,6,7,8 . Keywords Dream recallThe study of dreams is closely related to the ability to recall them. There are different methods to study the capacity for dream recall: the morning recall by means of brief questionnaires or dream diaries or the recall after dream interruption. Both methods, if applied to frequent dreamers, revealed consistent results 9,10 . However, this consistency does not occur in infrequent dreamers, for whom the capacity for recall is greater in provoked awakenings 10 . , although it does increase with interest, motivation, moodiness and stress 14. The capacity for dream recall is also slightly higher in women.The content of dream recall varies throughout the night. At the beginning of the night daily residues, related to every day's activity predominate, whereas later in the night hallucinatory or complex character narrative is more frequent 11 . Oneiric dream contentRecall is also positively related to the vivacity, bizarreness and emotional content of dreams, which in turn are influenced by the oneiric visual content 15 .In fact, the richness and continuity of the visual content increases the capacity for spontaneous recall 16 . For these reasons the recall/visual content binomial assumes a particular relevance in the dreams of blind subjects. The works that consider that blind subjects do not have visual dream contents 17 , were contradicted by several studies, namely by one from our group 18 , which demonstrated that blind people do have the ability to draw their own dreams and,...

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“…It is hypothesized that they are related to saw-tooth waves as PGO bursts occur with high probability in relation to REMs [3]. Clusters of PGO-like subthalamic waves occurring before or during REMs have also been recorded in humans, associated with enhancement of fast oscillatory subthalamic activity [4]. PGO waves have been conventionally regarded as neurophysiological correlates of dreaming [4].…”

Section: Polysomnographic Characteristics Of Normal Rem Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

REM sleep behavior disorder rhythms

Irfan¹,

Schenck²

2017

Transl Brain Rhythmicity

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REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is an intriguing parasomnia that is characterized by repeated dream enactment associated with increased muscle tone and twitch burst activity in REM sleep. This article explores a unique perspective on the relationship of RBD with various neurophysiological rhythms. We describe the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of this disorder with diagnostic considerations. Arousal disorders simulating RBD, including Non-REM Sleep Arousal Parasomnias, Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder, are also described. The pathophysiological basis is discussed with reference to the physiological substrates of RBD subtypes. Periodic Leg Movements associated with RBD, Rhythmic Masticatory Muscle Activity (Sleep Bruxism) and Oromandibular Myoclonus Associated with RBD, Rhythmic Movement Disorder associated with RBD, interface of RBD with epileptic abnormalities, and sleep spindles are also elaborated upon. REM sleep in relation to ultradian sleep rhythmsSleep occurs in ultradian cycles of Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep followed by Rapid Eye Movement sleep, ranging from 90-120 minutes, alternating throughout the night. Typically, it comprises of 3-5 cycles per night. The duration of later REM sleep periods is longer than those noted in the earlier half of the night. REM sleep density, which is a measure of frequency of rapid eye movements in REM sleep, is also higher in the last third of the night. REM sleep has been hypothesized to be involved in memory consolidation through processing between the hippocampus and neocortex [1]. Neurophysiological monitoring of sleep requires recording of the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) [2]. Polysomnographic characteristics of normal REM sleepThe REM stage of sleep is normally characterized by low voltage intermixed frequency EEG waves, rapid eye movements, and markedly decreased skeletal muscle tone [2]. REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep where EEG is desynchronized. On polysomnographic (PSG) monitoring, REMs are characterized as irregular sharp conjugate eye movements with initial duration <500ms. Saw-tooth waves form a distinctive pattern occurring in REM sleep, which are temporally associated with REMs. They are triangular waves with frequency of 2-6 Hz with maximum amplitude in central leads [2]. An example of a 30-sec epoch of REM sleep is shown in Figure 1A.In feline models, ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) spikes have been described to originate in the pons, propagate to the lateral geniculate nucleus, and then are observed in the occipital cortex. It is hypothesized that they are related to saw-tooth waves as PGO bursts occur with high probability in relation to REMs [3]. Clusters of PGO-like subthalamic waves occurring before or during REMs have also been recorded in humans, associated with enhancement of fast oscillatory subthalamic activity [4]. PGO waves have been conventionally regarded as neurophysiological correlates of dreaming [4]. REM sleep behavior d...

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Evidence of Subthalamic PGO-like Waves During REM Sleep in Humans: a Deep Brain Polysomnographic Study

Abstract: Subthalamic PGO-like waves can be recorded during pre-REM and REM sleep in humans. Our data suggest that the STN may play an active role in an ascending activating network implicated in the transmission of PGO waves during REM sleep in humans.

Cited by 59 publications

References 53 publications

Towards a Functional Understanding of PGO Waves

Towards a Functional Understanding of PGO Waves

Rapid Eye Movements (REMs) and visual dream recall in both congenitally blind and sighted subjects

REM sleep behavior disorder rhythms

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