Evidence of Sublethal Damage in Daphnia (Cladocera) during Exposure to Solar UV Radiation in Subarctic Ponds

Spatial and temporal dynamics of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) health indicators: Linking individual-based indicators to a management-relevant endpoint

“…Analysis included three procedures: gravimetric extraction, derivatization, and quantification on a gas chromatograph (GC) following the methods described in Zellmer et al (2004) with the exception of the following. The bulk lipid extracts were applied to pre-conditioned Sep-Paks (Waters Silica cartridges, #WAT023537) and, following a series of pre-extractions, the phospholipid fraction was eluted and collected in the final wash and then dried under nitrogen gas for later GC analyses.…”

Characteristics of a refuge for native freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Lake St. Clair

“…Analysis included three procedures: gravimetric extraction, derivitization, and quantification on a gas chromatograph (GC) following the methods described in Zellmer et al (2004). Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were identified using Supelco's 37 component FAME standard (#47885-U) by comparing peak retention times between samples and standards.…”

Characterization of a novel South American population of the astaxanthin producing yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma)

“…The procedures used were those of Zellmer et al [34], with the following modiWcations: helium was used as the carrier gas. Results are reported as g FAME mg ¡1 of dry biomass (db).…”