Evidence of sexual transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in goats

Santana, Luís Fernando; Rossi, Gabriel Augusto Marques; Gaspar, Roberta Cordeiro; Pinto, Vanessa Marigo Rocha; Oliveira, Gilson Pereira de; Costa, Alvimar José da

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.08.008

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Reduced fertility in Toxoplasma ‐positive men may be related to the sexual transmission of Toxoplasma gondii . This transmission route has been confirmed in rats, 16 sheep, 50 goats, 51 dogs 18 and rabbits 52 . Hypotheses of the existence of Toxoplasma transmission during sexual intercourse 53 and oral sex 54 in humans have been proposed recently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Association between latent toxoplasmosis and fertility parameters of men

et al. 2021

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Background About a third of people in the world are infected with Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite has been found in the reproductive organs and semen of males of many animal species as well as humans. The effects of toxoplasmosis on sperm count, motility and morphology were confirmed in rats. A higher prevalence of toxoplasmosis has been observed in infertile men. On the other hand, no significant effect of infection on semen parameters in men was found in one already published study. Objectives To compare the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in men with and without semen pathology and to examine in detail the possible impact of infection on semen volume, sperm count, motility and morphology. Materials and methods The pre‐registered cross‐sectional study included 669 men who visited the Centre for Assisted Reproduction in Prague from June 2016 until June 2018. Results The incidence of fertility problems was significantly higher in the 163 Toxoplasma‐infected men (48.47%) than in the 506 Toxoplasma‐free men (42.29%), τ = 0.049, P = 0.029. After correction for multiple tests, we found significantly lower sperm concentration, concentration of progressively motile sperm, and concentration of non‐progressively motile sperm in Toxoplasma‐positive men than in Toxoplasma‐negative men using partial Kendall correlation with age controlled. In addition, toxoplasmosis correlated with sperm quality in smokers but not in non‐smokers. Discussion and conclusion Our results suggest that latent toxoplasmosis affects certain semen parameters (sperm count and motility), but does not seem to affect sperm morphology and semen volume. Impairment of semen parameters may be either a side effect of the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in male reproductive organs or a product of manipulation activity of the parasite aimed to increase the efficiency of the sexual route of its transmission. Tobacco smoking also appears to exacerbate the negative impact of toxoplasmosis on semen parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Association between latent toxoplasmosis and fertility parameters of men

et al. 2021

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“…It is transmitted horizontally from definitive hosts to intermediate hosts and vice versa (Amendoeira, 1995; Tenter et al, 2000; Montoya and Liesenfeld, 2004; Fajardo et al, 2013). Moreover, the possibility of sexual transmission cannot be ruled out, as shown by Santana et al (Santana, 2013), who found that T. gondii infection can be transmitted sexually from male to female goats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological study on toxoplasmosis in the Haliti-Paresí community of the Utiariti indigenous territory, Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Santos

Terças-Trettel

Ribeiro

et al. 2019

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Toxoplasma gondii is the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis, a widespread zoonosis that affects several homeothermic animals, including humans. This disease causes serious health problems, such that 10% of infected individuals develop clinical manifestations. Some studies on indigenous human populations have indicated variations in seroprevalence from 10.6% to 80.4% in such populations in different regions of Brazil and in other countries like Venezuela and Malaysia. To date, there have been no studies regarding the prevalence of anti- T. gondii antibodies in Haliti-Paresí Indians living in Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Our objective here was to determine the frequency of occurrence of antibodies against this protozoon in nine Haliti-Paresí villages by correlating seroprevalence with locations and variables. Serodiagnoses were made using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoan Diseases of IOC/Fiocruz. It was considered that samples tested positive for T. gondii infection if IgG/IgM antibodies against this protozoon were detected through serodiagnosis using either IFAT or ELISA. Among the 293 samples analyzed, 66.9% presented anti- T. gondii IgG and 3.4% presented anti- T. gondii IgM. It was observed that there were no statistically significant differences in frequency of antibody occurrence among infected individuals, based on sex, schooling or occupation/activities. However, there were statistical differences based on age and villages. The prevalence observed in this study is in agreement with values found in other studies on indigenous populations in Latin America. Like among other such populations, the Haliti-Paresí villages are located close to forests and the individuals have domestic cats as pets, are involved in hunting and farming and consume water directly from water accumulation sources. These factors might cause exposure to T. gondii tissue cysts and oocysts.

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“…In different intermediate hosts, T. gondii was isolated from the semen and reproductive organs (Martinez-Garcia et al, 1996;Liu et al, 2006;Moura et al, 2007;Arantes et al, 2009;Scarpelli et al, 2009;Santana et al, 2010;Koch et al, 2016), making it possible to confirm the sexual transmission of this protozoan in dogs (Arantes et al, 2009), sheep (Lopes et al, 2013) and goats (Santana et al, 2013). Because of the absence of extensive research on T. gondii in feline semen, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of infectious forms of T. gondii in semen, testicle and epididymis tissues of cats primo-infected with the P (isolate III) and RH (isolate I) strains of this protozoan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii in semen, testicle and epididymis tissues of primo-infected cats ( Felis catus )

Teixeira

Tozato

Pierucci

et al. 2017

Veterinary Parasitology

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This study aimed to investigate the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in semen, testicle and epididymis tissues of cats experimentally infected by this coccidium. A total of 12 male felines without a definite breed that were of reproductive age and serologically negative for T. gondii were selected and distributed to the following three experimental groups: GI, inoculated with 600 tissue cysts of the P strain of T. gondii (isolate III); GII, inoculated with 2×10 tachyzoites of the RH strain (isolate I); and GIII, not inoculated (control group). Prior to inoculation (day -7 and 0) and on post inoculation days (PIDs) 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 70, all felines were subjected to assessments of anti-T. gondii IgG by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and assessments of parasitemia. Collection of semen (electroejaculation) was performed on the specified dates, followed by nested PCR and bioassays in mice to detect T. gondii. On PID 70, all 12 felines were orchiectomized, and the presence of the parasite in the testicles and epididymides was evaluated by nested PCR, murine bioassay, and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. All felines inoculated with T. gondii (GI and GII) seroconverted to the toxoplasmic infection after PID 14; on PID 7, seroconversion of three felines (P4, RH2 and RH4) could observed, and all exhibited detectable titers by PID 64. The GII felines exhibited greater serological titers compared with GI felines. The maximum serological titer (IgG) was observed in feline RH3 (titer 1024), while in other experimental felines, a maximum titer of 256 was detected. Parasitemic peaks were diagnosed in all felines of groups I and II from PIDs 7-42. A total of five parasitemic peaks were diagnosed in GI and nine in GII. In none of the experimental time points was the presence of T. gondii diagnosed in seminal samples collected from the felines or in the testicle or epididymis tissues collected from these animals. Thus, sexual transmission in domestic cats does not appear to be a major route of T. gondii infection, possibly demonstrating the tendency of this protozoan to develop a response directed to the formation and excretion of oocysts in the feces of these definite hosts, which act as its main route of perpetuation in the environment.

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Evidence of sexual transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in goats

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Association between latent toxoplasmosis and fertility parameters of men

Association between latent toxoplasmosis and fertility parameters of men

Serological study on toxoplasmosis in the Haliti-Paresí community of the Utiariti indigenous territory, Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii in semen, testicle and epididymis tissues of primo-infected cats ( Felis catus )

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