Evidence of Risk Factors Associated with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease in Newly Diagnosed Adult Hypertensive Patients in NAUTH Nnewi, Nigeria

Abstract

Aims & objectives: Due to other chronic diseases that are associated with hypertension and kidney disease, little or no attention has been paid to the existence of polycystic kidney disease in Nigeria. The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of some risk factors of ADPKD among hypertensive adult patients in NAUTH, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
 Study design: A cross-sectional and prospective study
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Medical out-patient, cardiology and nephrology units of NAUTH Nnewi between February and June, 2019.
 Methodology: A total of 160(80 newly diagnosed hypertensive and 80 normotensive subjects) aged between 25-75 years were randomly selected. Estimation of serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, total calcium, eGFR and total protein, BMI and waist-hip ratio of the subjects were taken were done using standard laboratory methods.
 Results: 12.5% of the hypertensive subjects have undergone dialysis, 7.5% had kidney transplant, 13.8% had hematuria, 20% had proteinuria, 27.5% had recurrent kidney infection, 15% had kidney stone, 43.8% experienced abdominal/side pain, 20% have had abdominal hernias and 46.3% had elevated urea/creatinine. Mean values of age, BMI and WHR were significantly higher in hypertensive than control subjects (p =.05). Similarly, serum creatinine, urea, sodium and chloride were significantly higher with lower eGFR in hypertensive when compared with control group (p =.05). eGFR in female was significantly lower compared with male hypertensive (p = .05). The mean SBP and DBP were significantly higher in hypertensive compared with control group (p = .05).
 Conclusion: 30% of the hypertensive subjects had multiple signs and symptoms of ADPKD, suggesting evidence of high prevalence of ADPKD in the hypertensive patients. Routine screening of family members with hypertension and symptomatic cases of hypertension using ultrasound imaging is strongly recommended for confirmation of presence PKD.

Assessment of Serum Copeptin Level and eGFR in Adult Hypertensive Individuals Suspected with Polycystic Kidney Disease in NAUTH, Nnewi

“…Results also showed that 4(10.00%) of hypertensive subjects had kidney stones which is twice more common in those with PKD than in the general population (Granthman, 2008;Ukibe et al, 2022). Result showed as well that 20(50.00%) of the hypertensive subjects experienced abdominal or side pain and previous works reported that pain is the most common symptoms in those with PKD and may present as back, chest, abdominal, or flank pain, or a combination (Bajwa et al, 2004).…”

“…And these conditions are mostly present in these population following increase exposures to hypertension (Ecder et al, 2013). Hypertension, flank pain, hematuria, and renal cyst infections are mostly common in individuals with ADPKD (Ukibe et al 2022).…”