Evidence of recurrent wildfire from the Permian coal deposits of India: Petrographic, scanning electron microscopic and palynological analyses of fossil charcoal

Murthy, Srikanta; Mendhe, Vinod Atmaram; Kavali, Pauline Sabina; Singh, Vikram P.

doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2020.03.004

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Fire activity is suggested to be very common during the Late Paleozoic according to palaeoatmospheric oxygen estimates (Bergman et al, 2004) and charcoal records from mire settings (Glasspool and Scott, 2010). As the direct evidence of palaeo-wildfire, charcoal particles in the sediments from the Late Paleozoic have been extensively reported all over the world, such as South China (Shen et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2016;Feng et al, 2020a), North China (Wang and Chen, 2001;Yan et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2020), central Europe (Uhl and Kerp, 2003;Uhl et al, 2008Uhl et al, , 2012, Canada (Grasby et al, 2011), Brazil (Manfroi et al, 2015;Kauffmann et al, 2016), India (Jasper et al, 2012;Jasper et al, 2013;Jasper et al, 2016a;Jasper et al, 2016b;Murthy et al, 2020), Australia (Glasspool, 2000;Vajda et al, 2020) and Antarctica (Tewari et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive Wildfire Associated With Volcanism Promoted the Vegetation Changeover in Southwest China During the Permian−Triassic Transition

et al. 2021

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Palaeo-wildfire, which had an important impact on the end Permian terrestrial ecosystems, became more intense in the latest Permian globally, evidenced by extensive occurrence of fossil charcoals. In this study, we report abundant charcoals from the upper part of the Xuanwei Formation and the Permian–Triassic transitional Kayitou Formation in the Lengqinggou section, western Guizhou Province, Southwest China. These charcoals are well-preserved with anatomical structures and can be classified into seven distinctive types according to their characteristics. Organic carbon isotopic analyses of both bulk rocks and charcoals show that the δ13Corg values in the Kayitou Formation are notably more negative than those in the Xuanwei Formation, with a negative excursion of 4.08‰ immediately above the volcanic ash bed in the middle of the uppermost coal bed of the Xuanwei Formation. Charcoals with high reflectance values (Romean = 2.38%) are discovered below the ash bed. By contrast, the reflectance values (Romean = 1.51%) of the charcoals in the Kayitou Formation are much lower than those of the Xuanwei Formation, indicating the palaeo-wildfire types have changed from crown fires to surface fires, which was probably due to the retrogression of vegetation systems during the extinction. Based on the above evidence, we suppose that palaeo-wildfires became more frequent and more severe since the climate became drier during the latest Permian in Southwest China, and the eventual vegetation changeover of the terrestrial ecosystems in Southwest China could be caused by volcanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive Wildfire Associated With Volcanism Promoted the Vegetation Changeover in Southwest China During the Permian−Triassic Transition

et al. 2021

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“…to prove the evidence of repeated forest fires from Permian coal deposits [13] and nano-scale 2D SEM for reconstructing 3D pore system [14].…”

Section: Conclusion Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Physical and Mineralogical Properties of Riverbank Material at Sand Mining Landslide Sites of Kali Putih River, Blitar

Hapsari

Sisinggih

Hendrawan

et al. 2021

UKaRsT

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Kali Putih River is a river that is often affected by the eruption of Mount Kelud. The resulting large deposits of volcanic sand materials cause exploitation through uncontrolled sand mines. This will have an impact on potential hazards caused by environmental damage; for example, there have been several cases of riverbank landslides. Based on previous studies, it is important to study the identification of physical characteristics and mineralogy of riverbank materials through laboratory testing. The Gs value was found to be within 2.650-2.697, which can be classified as gravel or sand. According to the AASHTO standard, the classification is coarse-grained soil. By USCS classification, all samples were determined as well-graded sand. Based on the JGS standard, these samples can be classified as Volcanic Soil (VS) and Volcanic Sand (SV). SEM results showed that the grain samples had low sphericity with angular to sub-angular and a bladed-oblate granular form. From X-RD analysis, the mineral composition of samples was dominated by anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) and albite (Na(AlSi3O8)). Associated with Bowen's Reaction, these compounds are common in young materials when the weathering process is still progressing.

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“…Scanning Electron Microscopes were originally completed by Manfred Von Ardenne in (1937) and three (3) other scientists later developed their research at RCA Labs in New Jersey, USA, Dr Zworykin, Dr Hillier, and Dr Snyder steering examinations on the working principles of an (SEM) especially the techniques governing functions of the imaging various materials at different resolutions through a resolving power approximately 50nm and having magni cation [×8 000] [1], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27]. Kwiecińska Barbara et al, when reviewing the application of electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and (SEM) for examining of coal materials, organic -rich shales and carbonaceous compounds, described that scanning electron microscope was introduced into the commercial industries around the year (1965) via Cambridge Scienti c Instruments in England, (UK) as the assembly work of Charles Oatley group project between the years (1948−1963).…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Coal Structure Evaluation and Morphological Properties That Affect the Coal Usage in Industries.

Gaesenngwe,

Danha,

RAGHUPATRUNI

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The contemporary research article is central to understanding coal structure evaluation and the morphological development impacting its utilization in different applications. Through Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA) designs high content phyllosilicates minerals and swelling clay minerals were rationalized to provides a novel insight into enhanced coal beneficiation and the benefits of coal by-product re-utilization progressions that encourage safer environments and economic sustainability. This work commences with collection of five (5) different coal samples from the central district mine in Botswana and chemical characterization via Thermogravimetric coal analysis, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and the Hardgrove Grindability Index testing that quantify coal material hardness and fracture toughness. The results showed sulfur and phosphorus inclusions in all samples complemented through sphalerite mineral phases (Zn, Fe)S and the coal morphology stimulated the material fracture toughness and hardness properties by influential mineral amalgams intrinsic to the Botswana central district coal maceral such as aluminum oxides (Al2O3), silicate (SiO2), calcites (CaO), Iron oxide (Fe2O3), potassium feldspars (K−AlSi3O8), albite (Na−AlSi3O8), and anorthite (Ca−Al2Si2O8) compounds in alkali feldspars which are predominantly group I and II carriers were perceived in substantial quantities. The coal industry has attracted much industrial attention by supply of high energy potent coal material and coal-by products to manufacturing foundations producing cement, ceramic tiles, paving bricks and material synthesis and will continue to supply other economic sectors in the conceivable future. Nevertheless, environmental concerns consequential to coal beneficiation are pressing issues requiring transdisciplinary innovations through investigations and technological practices that encourage the elimination of toxins and hazardous compounds from coal products therefore holistically generating sustainable and renewable resource for the future.

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Evidence of recurrent wildfire from the Permian coal deposits of India: Petrographic, scanning electron microscopic and palynological analyses of fossil charcoal

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Intensive Wildfire Associated With Volcanism Promoted the Vegetation Changeover in Southwest China During the Permian−Triassic Transition

Intensive Wildfire Associated With Volcanism Promoted the Vegetation Changeover in Southwest China During the Permian−Triassic Transition

Identification of Physical and Mineralogical Properties of Riverbank Material at Sand Mining Landslide Sites of Kali Putih River, Blitar

Coal Structure Evaluation and Morphological Properties That Affect the Coal Usage in Industries.

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