Evidence of quadrupole and octupole deformations in $^{96}$Zr+$^{96}$Zr and $^{96}$Ru+$^{96}$Ru collisions at ultra-relativistic energies

Zhang, Chunjian; Jia, Jiangyong

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2109.01631

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The trend for the central v 3 {2} ratio is also reproduced, but not quantitatively. We note here that case 5 is the only case that includes a β 3 deformation, which was fitted to these STAR data based on AMPT simulations [11]. We see that the β 3 deformation is indeed essential to explain the central v 3 {2}, but likely β 3 = 0.202 Zr (middle) and their ratio (bottom) for all five cases of Tab.…”

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confidence: 67%

“…This could have been anticipated from nuclear structure analyses [9,10], though we note significant differences between studies. It is the purpose of this Letter to utilise these different studies in the state-of-the-art heavy ion code Trajectum and show how recent results from DFT can fully explain the STAR findings (see also [11,12] for a similar study using the transport model AMPT for v 2 and v 3 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This has been done assuming β 2 = 0 (case 3) and β 2 = 0.16 (case 4). Case 5 is the same as 4, but with β 2 and β 3 taken from [11] (see also [2,24]; this β 3 in particular was motivated by the STAR measurement [1]). Cases 3 to 5 have fitted protons and neutrons separately, which leads to a significant neutron skin for 96 40 Zr.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, we find that our v 3 {2} differs quantitatively. Assuming v 3 {2} depends on β 3 linearly [11] and a baseline v 3 {2} ratio of 0.98 for β 3 = 0 this leads to a smaller estimate of β 3 of about 0.13 (see Fig. 2).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Inferring nuclear structure from heavy isobar collisions using Trajectum

Nijs¹,

Schee²

2021

Preprint

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Nuclei with equal number of baryons but varying proton number (isobars) have many commonalities, but differ in both electric charge and nuclear structure. Relativistic collisions of such isobars provide unique opportunities to study the variation of the magnetic field, provided the nuclear structure is well understood. In this Letter we simulate collisions using several state-of-the-art parametrizations of the 96 40 Zr and 96 44 Ru isobars and show that a comparison with the exciting STAR measurement [1] of ultrarelativistic collisions can uniquely identify the structure of both isobars. This not only provides an urgently needed understanding of the structure of the Zirconium and Ruthenium isobars, but also paves the way for more detailed studies of nuclear structure using relativistic heavy ion collisions.

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confidence: 67%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Inferring nuclear structure from heavy isobar collisions using Trajectum

Nijs¹,

Schee²

2021

Preprint

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“…A compilation of the ratios for 4 observables actually measured by STAR collaboration (preliminary, from [1]) is shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heavy ions are "preheated" prior to hight energy collisions

Shuryak¹

2022

Preprint

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The so called "isobar run" or RHIC was designed to compare a number of observables for collisions of 96 40 Zr with those of 96 44 Ru, aimed at identification of Z-dependent effects. However, the STAR data have shown, with unprecedented accuracy, that these two nuclides have properties which differ stronger than expected, and multiple studies tried to quantify their shape differences, in relation to various observables. General consensus is that it somehow should be related to nuclear structure calculations, for the ground and lowest excited states. Yet the precise connection between these fields -low and high energy nuclear physics -is still missing. In this paper I propose such a connection, via a concept of thermal density matrices of a "preheated" nuclei.

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Free spectator nucleons in ultracentral relativistic heavy-ion collisions as a probe of neutron skin

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Phys. Rev. C

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Besides the yield ratio of free spectator neutrons produced in ultracentral 96 Zr+ 96 Zr to 96 Ru+ 96 Ru collisions [1], we propose that the yield ratio Nn Np of free spectator neutrons to protons in a single collision system at RHIC and LHC can be a more sensitive probe of the neutron-skin thickness ∆rnp and the slope parameter L of the symmetry energy. The idea is demonstrated based on the proton and neutron density distributions of colliding nuclei obtained from Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations, and a Glauber model that provides information of spectator matter. The final spectator particles are produced from direct emission, clusterization by a minimum spanning tree algorithm or a Wigner function approach, and deexcitation of heavy clusters by GEMINI. A larger ∆rnp associated with a larger L value increases the isospin asymmetry of spectator matter and thus leads to a larger Nn Np, especially in ultracentral collisions where the multiplicity of free nucleons are free from the uncertainties of cluster formation and deexcitation. We have further shown that the double ratio of Nn Np in isobaric collision systems or in collisions by isotopes helps to cancel the detecting efficiency for protons. Effects from nuclear deformation and electromagnetic excitation are studied, and they are found to be subdominant compared to the expected sensitivity to ∆rnp.

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Evidence of quadrupole and octupole deformations in $^{96}$Zr+$^{96}$Zr and $^{96}$Ru+$^{96}$Ru collisions at ultra-relativistic energies

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Inferring nuclear structure from heavy isobar collisions using Trajectum

Inferring nuclear structure from heavy isobar collisions using Trajectum

The heavy ions are "preheated" prior to hight energy collisions

Free spectator nucleons in ultracentral relativistic heavy-ion collisions as a probe of neutron skin

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