Evidence of persistence and multiple genetic modifications of H7N7 low-pathogenic avian influenza virus in wild mallards in Poland provided by phylogenetic studies

Śmietanka, Krzysztof; Pikuła, Anna; Minta, Zenon; Meissner, Włodzimierz

doi:10.1080/03079457.2010.537304

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Our studies were undertaken to collect baseline data on fungal biota in this species, highlighting the possible differences between urban and non-urban populations. Because mallards are known as carriers of different microorganisms (Hub alek, 2004;Georgopoulou and Tsiouris, 2008;Smietanka et al, 2011), special emphasis was put on fungi species that could potentially cause human or animal diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) staying in urban environments have higher levels of microfungi biota diversity than do birds from non-urban areas

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) staying in urban environments have higher levels of microfungi biota diversity than do birds from non-urban areas

et al. 2015

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“…In Poland, wild bird sampling for the purpose of LPAIV monitoring in urbanized areas has been focused on the Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot area. The surveillance study in Gdańsk provided some interesting data on the co-circulating AIV of H7N7 subtype in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) (Smietanka et al, 2011). The phylogenetic investigation revealed a close relationship between N7 genes from two viruses detected over a period of 1 year in mallards sampled at the same pond, which suggests that AIV can persist in a resident population of mallards for a long period of time.…”

Section: The Results Of Active Surveillance For Avian Influenza In Pomentioning

confidence: 93%

Avian influenza in Poland.

Śmietanka

Minta

2014

Acta Biochim Pol

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Poland has experienced four episodes of avian influenza (AI) outbreaks over the past two decades. The first epidemic was caused by a low pathogenicity (LPAIV) H7N7 subtype and occurred in fattening and breeder turkeys in 1995. Two waves of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) took place in 2006 and 2007. In spring 2006, 64 cases of the H5N1 virus were detected, mostly in mute swans. In December 2007, ten outbreaks of H5N1 HPAI were detected in commercial poultry (n=9) and wild birds kept in captivity (n=1). The outbreaks in 2006 and 2007 were caused by genetically similar but clearly distinguishable viruses of the 2.2 clade. In 2013, an H9N2 avian influenza virus was detected in 4 fattening turkey holdings. The virus was low pathogenic and a phylogenetic study has shown a close relatedness to the Eurasian lineage of AIV of the wild bird origin. Neither preventive nor prophylactic vaccinations have ever been used in poultry or other birds. Emergency vaccinations using autogenous vaccine were introduced only to control the H7N7 LPAI outbreaks in 1995. The baseline surveillance for AI in live migratory birds and poultry provides a valuable insight into the ecology of AIV at the wild and domestic bird interface. Passive surveillance is in place of early detection of HPAIV infection in dead or moribund birds.

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“…Our results suggest that seropositive birds were exposed to infection with low pathogenic AIV of wild-bird origin rather than a highly pathogenic AI virus (mostly H5N1 HPAIV) for two reasons. Firstly, an open-range system, in which domestic waterfowl are kept, favours frequent opportunities of direct and indirect contacts with wild birds and the circulation of both H5 and H7 LPAIV in the wild reservoir has been confirmed in recent years during active surveillance studies carried out in Poland (Smietanka et al, 2011;Smietanka et al, 2012). Moreover, the majority of seropositive holdings were located in regions abundant with lakes, such as the Masurian Lake District, the Great Poland Lakeland and the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Active surveillance in poultry in Poland for avian influenza subtypes H5 and H7.

et al. 2014

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A serological surveillance programme for avian influenza A virus (AIV) subtype H5 and H7 in poultry was implemented in Poland in 2008-2013 with two main objectives: i) to detect subclinical infections or previous exposures to AIV H5 and H7 subtypes and ii) to demonstrate the AI- free status of Poland. During this period, over 45 000 serum samples from 2833 holdings were examined using the hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). The presence of HI antibodies was detected in 8 breeder geese holdings (7 positive for H5 and 1 positive for H7 AIV) and in 1 breeder duck holding (H5-positive), which represented 0.32% of all investigated holdings. All seropositive flocks were examined by real time RT-PCR with negative results, which substantiated the AI-free status of Poland. Positive results detected in clinically healthy poultry kept in an open range system indicate prior infections with low pathogenic AIV originating from the wild-bird reservoir.

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Evidence of persistence and multiple genetic modifications of H7N7 low-pathogenic avian influenza virus in wild mallards in Poland provided by phylogenetic studies

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) staying in urban environments have higher levels of microfungi biota diversity than do birds from non-urban areas

Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) staying in urban environments have higher levels of microfungi biota diversity than do birds from non-urban areas

Avian influenza in Poland.

Active surveillance in poultry in Poland for avian influenza subtypes H5 and H7.

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