“…Research conducted from this perspective has reverse-engineered many psychological mechanisms whose design features exhibit a close functional match with the structure of specific adaptive problems faced by human ancestors. For example, the adaptive problem of detecting predators selected for mechanisms which constantly scan the visual field for ancestrally valid cues of agency, and direct attention in response to these cues (New et al, 2007); adaptive problems of avoiding exploitation in social exchange relationships selected for mechanisms designed to identify cheaters (in dyadic relationships) and free-riders (in collective actions), and to prevent these individuals from enjoying the benefits of cooperation ; the adaptive problem of incest avoidance selected for mechanisms designed to estimate the genetic relatedness of the self to other individuals, and to inhibit sexual attraction to people estimated to be close relatives (Lieberman et al, 2007); the adaptive problem of pathogen avoidance selected for a suite of mechanisms designed to prevent and mitigate the costs of exposure to pathogens (Murray & Schaller, 2016;Tybur et al, 2009); the adaptive problem of avoiding ingestion of plant toxins selected for mechanisms designed to learn which local plants are edible via social observation (Wertz & Wynn, 2014); adaptive problems related to the regulation of conflict escalation selected for mechanisms designed to accurately estimate others' physical formidability from visual and auditory cues (Sell et al, 2009a;2010); adaptive problems related to coalitional conflict and cooperation selected for a suite of mechanisms for tracking alliances based on observable cues of coordination and conflict (Kurzban et al, 2003;Pietraszewski et al, 2014); the adaptive problem of maintaining long-term pair-bonds selected for motivations to implement "mate retention" tactics ; and adaptive problems related to capturing benefits via social relationships crafted mechanisms that differentially value others on the basis of cues that would have ancestrally predicted their generation of net benefits as mates (Buss, 1989;Buss & Schmitt, 1993;Lukaszewski & Roney, 2010), cooperative partners (Eisenbruch et al, 2016), coalition members , warriors (Patton, 2000), and leaders (Lukaszewski et al, 2016). For detailed catalogues of recently discovered human psychological adaptations, readers are directed to broader reviews (e.g., Buss, 2012;Tooby & Cosmides, 2015).…”