Evidence of nitric oxide in the exhaled gas of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)

Lewandowski, K.; Busch, Thilo; Lewandowski, Monika; Keske, U.; Gerlach, Herwig; Falke, K. J.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(96)00063-1

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…NO is probably a phylogenetically old system, as it has been found in lower animals such as the blood-sucking bug Rhudius prulixus (24) and the crab Limulus polyphemus ( 2 3 , and still we have found considerable species differences in the upper airway NO concentration of higher animals (26). So far, nasal NO levels comparable to humans have only been reported from primates and elephants (20,26,27). There seems to be no obvious relation between the nasal NO levels and the extension of the sinus systems, which are poorly developed in premature and term infants and monkeys, but very extensive in, for instance, pigs and giraffes.…”

Section: Premature Infantsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The situation for NO is not likely to be equivalent to that of exhaled CO? (20), which is much less reactive and can be easily equilibrated between blood and alveolar gas. Consequently, expressing NO as concentrations may not be the ideal way to compare the magnitude of endogenous NO excretion in individuals of different sizes, ages or species, and in gases measured with different flow rate.…”

Section: Measurement Technique and No Excretion Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Endogenous nitric oxide in the upper airways of premature and term infants

et al. 1997

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Concentrations of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) were measured in premature (n = 18) and term infants (n = 7). Nasal gas was aspirated continuously and after timed occlusions, 15 s and 60 s, by a fast-response chemiluminescence analyser. The sampling flow rate was 20 ml min-1. Typical NO recordings consisted of plateaux and postocclusive peaks. In term infants peak NO concentrations (60 s occlusion) were 2.71 +/- 0.44 parts per million (ppm) within 10 min after birth, increasing (p < 0.05) to 3.81 +/- 0.25 ppm at 4-7 d postnatally. Peak NO values (15 s occlusion) averaged 1.22 +/- 0.16 ppm in premature infants (postconceptional age 25-37 weeks, body weight 623-2844 g) and the NO concentrations increased significantly with postconceptional age (p < 0.05). Nasal excretion rate, estimated from plateau NO concentrations and sampling flow rate, was 0.10 +/- 0.01 nmol min-1 kg-1 in both groups. We conclude that premature and term newborn infants excrete considerable amounts of NO in the upper airways, with hitherto not fully known functions.

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Section: Premature Infantsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Measurement Technique and No Excretion Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous nitric oxide in the upper airways of premature and term infants

et al. 1997

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“…Although no relationship has recently been found between size and exhaled NO measured in the trunk of Asian elephants [50], human data are rather more conflicting. No significant correlation has been reported between body weight or body surface and exhaled NO levels in either sex [51].…”

Section: Height Weight Age and Sexmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exhaled and nasal nitric oxide measurements: recommendations. The European Respiratory Society Task Force

Kharitonov¹,

Alving²,

Barnes³

1997

Eur Respir J

633

528

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“…Nitric oxide is produced endogenously within the respiratory tract and is detectable in exhaled gas of humans and other mammals (11,12). After the discovery that more than 80% of the total exhaled quantity is released into the upper airways (13,14), the epithelial cells in the paranasal sinuses were identified as the major source of NO release into the respiratory tract (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Nitric Oxide in Sinus Epithelium of Patients with Radiologic Maxillary Sinusitis and Sepsis

Deja

Busch

Bachmann

et al. 2003

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

Self Cite

107

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Radiologic maxillary sinusitis is an important risk factor for development of bronchopneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Nitric oxide produced within the paranasal sinuses is considered to provide an antibacterial environment and to modulate mucociliary clearance function. We hypothesized that a reduced formation of nitric oxide might contribute to the compromised local host defense in radiologic maxillary sinusitis and measured nitric oxide levels directly within maxillary sinuses of septic patients with radiologic maxillary sinusitis (n = 11), whose sinuses were fenestrated to eliminate a possible septic focus. Data were compared with those of patients without airway inflammation (n = 11, control subjects). Despite local inflammation and infection, we found considerably lower maxillary nitric oxide levels than in control subjects (31 +/- 10 versus 2554 +/- 385 parts per billion, mean +/- standard error of the mean, p < 0.001). Consistently, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization investigations revealed strongly reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. By applying ultrastructural immunolocalization, we identified cilia and microvilli of the maxillary sinus epithelium as the major nitric oxide production site in control subjects. Our findings provide evidence of markedly reduced nitric oxide production in maxillary sinuses of patients with radiologic maxillary sinusitis and sepsis, implicating impaired local host defense and an increased risk for secondary infections.

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Evidence of nitric oxide in the exhaled gas of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Endogenous nitric oxide in the upper airways of premature and term infants

Endogenous nitric oxide in the upper airways of premature and term infants

Exhaled and nasal nitric oxide measurements: recommendations. The European Respiratory Society Task Force

Reduced Nitric Oxide in Sinus Epithelium of Patients with Radiologic Maxillary Sinusitis and Sepsis

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