Evidence of Microdochium Fungi Associated with Cereal Grains in Russia

Abstract

In total, 46 Microdochium strains from five different geographic regions of Russia were explored with respect to genetic diversity, morphology, and secondary metabolites. Based on the results of PCR, 59% and 28% of the strains were identified as M. nivale and M. majus, respectively. As a result of sequencing four genome regions, namely ITS, LSU, BTUB, and RPB2 (2778 bp), five genetically and phenotypically similar strains from Western Siberia were identified as M. seminicola, which, according to our findings, is the prevalent Microdochium species in this territory. This is the first record of M. seminicola in Russia. Attempts were made to distinguish between Microdochium species and to identify species-specific morphological characteristics in the anamorph and teleomorph stages and physiological properties. We examined the occurrence frequency of conidia with different numbers of septa in the strains of Microdochium. The predominance of three-septate macroconidia in M. majus was higher than that in M. nivale and typically exceeded 60% occurrence. Most M. majus and M. nivale strains formed walled protoperithecia on wheat stems. Only three strains of M. majus and one strain each of M. nivale and M. seminicola produced mature perithecia. The growth rate of M. seminicola strains was significantly lower on agar media at 5–25 °C than those of M. majus and M. nivale strains. Multimycotoxin analysis by HPLC-MS/MS revealed that the strains of three Microdochium species did not produce any toxic metabolites.

Multi-Mycotoxin Screening of Food Grain Produced in Russia in 2018

“…Изучение загрязненности зерна урожаев 2005-2010 годов показало, что в среднем по России степень контаминации ДОН гораздо ниже МДУ (18,19), наиболее загрязнено зерно из Южного и Северо-Кавказского федеральных округов (20). Эти территории наряду с Дальневосточным федеральным округом традиционно считаются ареалами фузариоза зерновых в России (17,21). В то же время вследствие изменения климата и обмена семенным материалом происходит постепенное продвижение более агрессивных патогенов на север: например, F. graminearum -продуцент ДОН и ЗЕА выявляют в зерне, выращенном на северо-западе России (22).…”

LATEST INFORMATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF FUSARIUM LANGSETHIAE, THE PRODUCER OF T-2 AND HT-2 TOXINS, IN RUSSIA

“…С помощью иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) и метода высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии в сочетании с масс-спектрометрией (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС) анализировали содержание микотоксинов в зерне, а также определяли токсинопродуцирующую способность штаммов F. langsethiae. Детектирование и количественное определение микотоксинов осуществляли по сертифицированным методикам (Кононенко и др., 1999;Гагкаева, Гаврилова, 2013;Gagkaeva et al, 2019Gagkaeva et al, , 2020.…”

“…Таблица. Информация о встречаемости F. langsethiae в разных регионах России (Gagkaeva et al, 2020). Анализ контаминации микотоксинами образцов зерна, в которых был выявлен F. langsethiae показал, что в образцах зерна овса, имеющих относительно высокую (7 %, Вологодская область) и максимальную выявленную зараженность (14 %, Московская область), суммарное количество Т-2 и НТ-2 токсинов, выявленное с помощью ИФА, составило 186 и 1230 мкг/кг.…”

Snow mold of winter cereals: a complex disease and a challenge for resistance breeding

“…The quantitative and qualitative composition of the snow mold-causing community greatly varies depending on the crop, region, and ecological conditions (Chang et al 2006 ). In Russia, an analysis of 46 strains from five regions revealed that 59% of the strains were M. nivale and 28.3% were M. majus (Gagkaeva et al 2020 ). Also, in the Central and Northwestern European regions of Russia, M. nivale is predominant and accounts for 64.7% of the analyzed strains from this territory.…”

“…In 2020, M. seminicola M. Hern.—Restr., Seifert, Clear & B. Dorn was first discovered in Russia (Gagkaeva et al 2020 ). M. seminicola causes symptomless endophytic infections in cereals, and, from an ecological perspective, additional information about the distribution of this species would be essential.…”