Evidence Of Improper Usage Of Veterinary Drugs In Cattle In Maasailand, Kenya

Irungu, Patrick; Bett, Bernard K.; Mbogoh, Stephen G.; Nyamwaro, Sospeter S.; Murilla, GA; Randolph, Thomas F.

doi:10.4314/bahpa.v55i4.32812

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The overall low prevalence of AMR identified in this population suggests that spillover from local humans and livestock may be a relatively rare occurrence or that there are simply low reservoirs of resistance to be shared between populations. This is somewhat surprising given reports of high antimicrobial use and AMR in both humans and livestock in Kenya (64)(65)(66)(67)(68) and high prevalence of resistant bacteria observed in previous studies of East African wildlife (8,9,69). In part, this variability in AMR prevalence between studies may be explained by differences in dietary niche between host species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Assessing Transmission of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Wild Giraffe Contact Networks

Miller

Johnson

Paul

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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There is growing evidence that anthropogenic sources of antibiotics and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can spill over into natural ecosystems, raising questions about the role wild animals play in the emergence, maintenance, and dispersal of antibiotic resistance genes. In particular, we lack an understanding of how resistance genes circulate within wild animal populations, including whether specific host characteristics, such as social associations, promote interhost transmission of these genes. In this study, we used social network analysis to explore the forces shaping population-level patterns of resistantEscherichia coliin wild giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) and assess the relative importance of social contact for the dissemination of resistantE. colibetween giraffe. Of 195 giraffe sampled, only 5.1% harboredE. coliisolates resistant to one or more tested antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing on a subset of resistant isolates revealed a number of acquired resistance genes with linkages to mobile genetic elements. However, we found no evidence that the spread of resistance genes among giraffe was facilitated by interhost associations. Giraffe with lower social degree were more likely to harbor resistantE. coli, but this relationship was likely driven by a correlation between an individual’s social connectedness and age. Indeed, resistantE. coliwas most frequently detected in socially isolated neonates, indicating that resistantE. colimay have a selective advantage in the gastrointestinal tracts of neonates compared to other age classes. Taken together, these results suggest that the maintenance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in wild populations may, in part, be determined by host traits and microbial competition dynamics within the host.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance represents a significant threat to human health, food security, and the global economy. To fully understand the evolution and dissemination of resistance genes, a complete picture of antimicrobial resistance in all biological compartments, including natural ecosystems, is required. The environment and wild animals may act as reservoirs for anthropogenically derived resistance genes that could be transferrable to clinically relevant bacteria of humans and domestic animals. Our study investigated the possible transmission mechanisms for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria within a wild animal population and, more broadly, contributes to our understanding of how resistance genes are spread and maintained in natural ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Assessing Transmission of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Wild Giraffe Contact Networks

Miller

Johnson

Paul

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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show abstract

“…Instead, most farmers relied on the advice given by local agro-veterinary shop attendants and fellow cattle farmers on the choice of drugs to use. Such malpractices may complicate the control of TBD in the region especially when the wrong information is spread, or an incorrect dosage is prescribed (Irungu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Tick-borne Pathogens Of Cattle and Tick Cont...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the epidemiology of tick-borne infections in cattle and the potential impact of a novel biopesticide in coastal Kenya

Oundo

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Factors influencing usage of antimicrobial drugs among pastoralists in Kenya

Makau

Slizovskiy

Obanda

et al. 2022

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Evidence Of Improper Usage Of Veterinary Drugs In Cattle In Maasailand, Kenya

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing Transmission of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Wild Giraffe Contact Networks

Assessing Transmission of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Wild Giraffe Contact Networks

Unraveling the epidemiology of tick-borne infections in cattle and the potential impact of a novel biopesticide in coastal Kenya

Factors influencing usage of antimicrobial drugs among pastoralists in Kenya

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