Evidence of human-to-dog transmission of monkeypox virus

Seang, Sophie; Burrel, Sonia; Todesco, Eve; Leducq, Valentin; Monsel, Gentiane; Pluart, Diane Le; Cordevant, Christophe; Pourcher, Valérie; Palich, Romain

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01487-8

Cited by 145 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…MPXV infection had not been confirmed for either of these domestic animals at the time of data analysis, however, our data support the current assumption that infection of these animals is feasible, and health organisations' advice to avoid contact if infected 15 . Since data analysis, the domestic dog has been shown to be susceptible 7 , adding weight to this and confidence in our pipeline's predictive capacity. With regards to other wild animals as potential reservoir populations, many close human-associating scavengers, particularly in North America were identified.…”

Section: Monkeypox Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concern is paramount in the current (2022) outbreak of MPXV, where the virus has persisted in non-endemic regions for considerably longer and is far more geographically widespread than in any previous record. Furthermore, the first recorded instance of human-to-animal transmission occurred very recently, with the infection of a pet dog in France 7 -this demonstrates that there is a real and immediate risk of human-to-animal transmission, and that the need to understand the full potential host range is critical to ongoing mitigation efforts. In addition to MPXV, there are many poxviruses of major human and animal health concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monkeypox virus shows potential to infect a diverse range of native animal species across Europe, indicating high risk of becoming endemic in the region

Blagrove

Pilgrim

Kotsiri

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Monkeypox is a zoonotic virus which persists in animal reservoirs and periodically spills over into humans, causing outbreaks. During the current 2022 outbreak, monkeypox virus has persisted via human-human transmission, across all major continents and for longer than any previous record. This unprecedented spread creates the potential for the virus to "spillback" into local susceptible animal populations. Persistent transmission amongst such animals raises the prospect of monkeypox virus becoming enzootic in new regions. However, the full and specific range of potential animal hosts and reservoirs of monkeypox remains unknown, especially in newly at-risk non-endemic areas. Methods: Here, utilising ensembles of classifiers comprising different class balancing techniques and incorporating instance weights, we identify which animal species are potentially susceptible to monkeypox virus. Subsequently, we generate spatial distribution maps to highlight high-risk geographic areas at high resolution. Findings: We show that the number of potentially susceptible species is currently underestimated by 2.4 to 4.3-fold, and that a high density of wild susceptible species are native to Europe. We provide lists of these species, and highlight high-risk hosts for spillback and potential long-term reservoirs, which may enable monkeypox virus to become endemic. Interpretation: We highlight the European red fox and brown rat, as they have established interactions with potentially contaminated urban waste and sewage, which provides a mechanism for potential spillback. We anticipate that our results will enable targeted active surveillance of potential spillback event, to minimise risk of the virus becoming endemic in these regions. Our results also indicate the potential of domesticated cats and dogs (latter now confirmed) being susceptible to monkeypox virus, and hence support many health organisations' advice for infected humans to avoid physical interaction with pets.

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Section: Monkeypox Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox virus shows potential to infect a diverse range of native animal species across Europe, indicating high risk of becoming endemic in the region

Blagrove

Pilgrim

Kotsiri

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The first case of natural infection in a dog was described in August 2022 [ 90 ]. The dog, a 4-year-old male Italian greyhound with no medical issues, had contracted the infection from his owners, two men that had had multiple sexual relationships with other men six days before they developed anal ulceration.…”

Section: Clinical Signs In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: Some Keys to Understand This Emerging Disease

Gómez-Lucı́a

2022

Animals

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In 1958, several monkeys in a Copenhagen laboratory developed a skin rash from which an orthopoxvirus could be isolated, which was named monkeypox virus (MPXV). However, the natural animal reservoir for MPXV is thought to be a rodent. The first human case occurred in 1970, and the incidence has increased progressively throughout the years. Starting May 2022, the number of cases outside Africa has soared, especially in Western Europe. There are two clades of MPXV, Congo Basin, with higher virulence and mortality, and Western Africa (WA). MPXV from the present outbreak has been proposed to be classified as Clade 3, distinct from the WA clade by at least 50 substitutions, which may increase human-to-human transmissibility. Most cases correspond to men in their 30s who have sex with men, and the possibility of sexual transmission is under investigation. Though there is no evidence of human-to-animal transmission, pets of positive human cases may be classified as low risk, including dogs, cats, and birds, who can be quarantined at home, and high risk, such as pet rabbits or mice, who should be isolated in official laboratories for observation. The current epidemiological data do not support the risk of a pandemic.

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“…In the case of monkeypox, it is known that the virus can and does survive in a variety of animal hosts (30). While these animal reservoirs are currently localized to West and Central Africa (12), the global spread of monkeypox creates the risk that animal reservoirs, particularly in rodents and pets (31), can be created in other parts of the world. The model presented here can be augmented to include an animal reservoir to assess risk of such a scenario occurring and explore preventative measures.…”

Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pair Formation Model with Recovery: Application to Monkeypox

Betti

Farrell

Heffernan

2022

Preprint

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The current global outbreaks of Monkeypox is a unique infectious disease in the way it seems to be transmitting: it has been observed to be highly concentrated in communities of men who have sex with men (MSM) through pair formation, and also provides immunity. This framework of mostly close, prolonged contact spreading a disease that admits immunity after infection is unlike similar infections which either offer little to no immunity post-infection or are lifelong infections. This creates the need for a new model framework that incorporates pair formation structure with recovery. While seemingly a straight forward model, we show how new dynamics arise from the combination of pair formation and recovery that are not present in a standard model with recovery and also not present in a pair formation model without recovery. We see that the combination of these two properties allows for waves of infection that are not seen in a standard SIR model. These dynamics suggest that outbreaks of monkeypox around the world may require special attention from public health. We also derive a reproduction number for this model and estimate the reproduction number of human monkeypox to be ≈2.3 using global and Canadian data. The expression derived for R0 can help estimate key parameters for diseases transmission and public health interventions and compare to equivalent models without pair formation.

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Evidence of human-to-dog transmission of monkeypox virus

Cited by 145 publications

References 7 publications

Monkeypox virus shows potential to infect a diverse range of native animal species across Europe, indicating high risk of becoming endemic in the region

Monkeypox virus shows potential to infect a diverse range of native animal species across Europe, indicating high risk of becoming endemic in the region

Monkeypox: Some Keys to Understand This Emerging Disease

A Pair Formation Model with Recovery: Application to Monkeypox

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