Evidence of graphomotor dysfunction in children with dyslexia: A combined behavioural and fMRI experiment

Gosse, Claire; Dricot, Laurence; Reybroeck, Marie Van

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.11.021

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…However, their origin is not yet understood as poor handwriting performance may be a consequence of spelling impairment [ 11 , 18 ] or may instead indicate a graphomotor deficit [ 10 , 14 ]. Recently, abnormal brain activation of graphomotor regions in DYS children has been demonstrated during an fMRI handwriting task [ 19 ]. These results strengthened the need to focus on writing difficulties in dyslexia by considering not only spelling but also graphomotor processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In past literature, research has highlighted the presence of graphomotor difficulties in dyslexia as characterised by slowness and poor legibility [ 9 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Understanding DYS children’s graphomotor difficulties has been the subject of a growing number of studies in recent years, e.g., [ 10 , 14 , 18 , 19 ]. However, knowing that handwriting involves a multitude of processes and a close relationship with spelling, disentangling the origin of these handwriting difficulties is challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To conclude, several studies have highlighted the presence of handwriting difficulties in DYS children compared to their TD peers [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 19 ]. To date, the origin of graphomotor difficulties in dyslexia is still debated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, even if task-fMRI studies are undeniably valuable and informative for the field of literacy development and disability, they present several limitations. First, while literacy abilities require a multitude of tasks to be comprehensively assessed, neuroimaging studies have necessarily focused on one subskill during fMRI (e.g., word and pseudoword matching in [ 46 ]; writing under dictation in [ 19 ]). Moreover, knowing that participants with dyslexia presumably dislike performing literacy tasks because of their disability, performance during the fMRI task and the functional data acquired can be biased by negative emotional factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This network was recently investigated for the first time in TD children using task-fMRI [ 55 ], revealing that the regions recruited by children during writing (aged from 8 to 11 years old) corresponded to the adult writing network [ 27 , 37 ]. Of particular interest to the current study, the network was also investigated in children with and without dyslexia for the first time during an fMRI dictation task [ 19 ]. The results highlighted functional differences in the writing network [ 27 , 37 ] between DYS and TD children in regions not only responsible for spelling but also for graphomotor and motor-related processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of Altered Functional Connectivity at Rest in the Writing Network of Children with Dyslexia

Gosse¹,

Dricot²,

Reybroeck³

2022

Brain Sciences

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Aim. Handwriting abilities in children with dyslexia (DYS) are not well documented in the current literature, and the presence of graphomotor impairment in addition to spelling impairment in dyslexia is controversial. Using resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), the present study aims to answer the following question: are there markers of graphomotor impairment at rest in DYS children? Method. The participants were children with DYS and typically developing (TD) children (n = 32) from French-speaking primary schools (Mage = 9.3 years). The behavioural evaluation consisted of spelling and handwriting measures. Participants underwent a resting-state fMRI scan. Results. Analyses of RSFC focused on a brain region responsible for graphomotor processes—the graphemic/motor frontal area (GMFA). The RSFC between the GMFA and all other voxels of the brain was measured. Whole-brain ANOVAs were run to compare RSFC in DYS and TD children. The results demonstrated reduced RSFC in DYS compared to TD between the GMFA and brain areas involved in both spelling processes and motor-related processes. Conclusions. For the first time, this study highlighted a disruption of the writing network in DYS. By identifying functional markers of both spelling and handwriting deficits at rest in young DYS participants, this study supports the presence of graphomotor impairment in dyslexia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of Altered Functional Connectivity at Rest in the Writing Network of Children with Dyslexia

Gosse¹,

Dricot²,

Reybroeck³

2022

Brain Sciences

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Handwriting difficulties in children with dyslexia: Poorer legibility in dictation and alphabet tasks, slowness in the alphabet task

Van Heuverswyn,

Gosse,

Van Reybroeck

2024

Dyslexia

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Several studies have shown that children with dyslexia (DYS), in addition to their reading and spelling deficits, encounter handwriting difficulties that are still poorly understood in terms of their nature and origin. The present study aimed to better understand the handwriting difficulties of children with DYS by comparing their handwriting quality and speed in two tasks, a dictation task and an alphabet task, which required fewer spelling skills than the dictation task. Twenty‐nine French‐speaking children (Mage = 9.5 years) participated in the study, including 18 children with DYS and nine typically developing (TD) children matched on chronological age. The children performed control tasks, a dictation task with words varying in graphic and orthographic complexity and an alphabet writing task. Accuracy, handwriting quality (legibility), and fluency (speed, writing and pause time) were carefully measured using a digital tablet. GLMM analysis and t tests showed that children with DYS made more aesthetic errors (handwriting quality) in both the dictation and alphabet task than TD children. They also wrote more slowly than TD children in the alphabet task (speed, pause time). These findings suggest that children with DYS present handwriting difficulties, even in a simple alphabet task. In dictation, they seem to favour speed at the expense of handwriting quality.

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Evaluation of a group-based sensorimotor intervention programme to improve Chinese handwriting of primary school students

Li-Tsang¹,

Li²,

Yang³

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Evidence of graphomotor dysfunction in children with dyslexia: A combined behavioural and fMRI experiment

Cited by 17 publications

References 91 publications

Evidence of Altered Functional Connectivity at Rest in the Writing Network of Children with Dyslexia

Evidence of Altered Functional Connectivity at Rest in the Writing Network of Children with Dyslexia

Handwriting difficulties in children with dyslexia: Poorer legibility in dictation and alphabet tasks, slowness in the alphabet task

Evaluation of a group-based sensorimotor intervention programme to improve Chinese handwriting of primary school students

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