Evidence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of X-rays in the oral mucosa epithelium of adults subjected to cone beam CT

Jb, da Fonte; Tm, Andrade; Rl, Albuquerque; Mfb, de Melo; Takeshita, Wilton Mitsunari

doi:10.1259/dmfr.20170160

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the cytotoxic effect was examined through the incidences of condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis. CBCT stimulated cellular death, as shown by the significant changes between values before and 10 ± 2 days after the exposure ( p < 0.05), in agreement with the results of other studies [ 29 , 42 – 44 ]. These findings reinforce the idea that CBCT might promote cytotoxicity in the buccal mucosa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…After the CBCT scan by 10 ± 2 days, the mean percentages of micronuclei were significantly increased, indicating that CBCT can induce a genotoxic effect on the buccal mucosa of children. This finding is in line with the results from the study of Fonte et al, which was performed on adults to investigate the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of CBCT in oral exfoliated cells and confirmed that CBCT offers the risk of inducing genetic damage [ 42 ]. These results contrast with the findings of another study performed on children to compare mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in exfoliated buccal cells after CBCT exposure and reported that micronuclei were not significantly increased 10 ± 2 days after the exposure [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of cone beam computed tomography in children

et al. 2021

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Background Dental radiographs are essential tools for diagnosis. However, there are significant concerns about the dangerous effect of radiation especially on children. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of children subjected to Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods The study included 18 healthy children aged (9–12 years) who were exposed to CBCT. All CBCT scans were performed with the i-CAT CBCT. Exfoliated buccal cells were scraped from the left and right cheek immediately before the exposure, after 10 ± 2 days, and after 1 month. Cells were stained using Feulgen/fast green stain and examined under light microscopy. Genotoxicity (Micronuclei) and cytotoxicity (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) were scored. Statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results There were statistically significant differences in the mean percentages of micronuclei, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis before and 10 ± 2 days after the CBCT scan (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of micronuclei, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, or pyknosis before and 1 month after the exposure (p > 0.05) except for karyolysis (p < 0.05). Conclusions CBCT may induce genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in buccal mucosa cells of children. Therefore, CBCT should not be prescribed unless necessary as it cannot be considered a risk-free procedure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of cone beam computed tomography in children

et al. 2021

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“…These results show that SECT or DECT elicit a similar amount of dsDNA damage, suggesting a comparable biological effect for this endpoint. Future studies of other endpoints like e.g., chromosome aberrations or micronuclei 33 shall provide further insights into the radio-response of PBMCs to SECT or DECT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression changes and DNA damage after ex vivo exposure of peripheral blood cells to various CT photon spectra

Kaatsch

Becker

Schüle

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Dual-energy CT provides enhanced diagnostic power with similar or even reduced radiation dose as compared to single-energy CT. Its principle is based on the distinct physical properties of low and high energetic photons, which, however, may also affect the biological effectiveness and hence the extent of CT-induced cellular damage. Therefore, a comparative analysis of biological effectiveness of dual- and single-energy CT scans with focus on early gene regulation and frequency of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) was performed. Blood samples from three healthy individuals were irradiated ex vivo with single-energy (80 kV and 150 kV) and dual-energy tube voltages (80 kV/Sn150kV) employing a modern dual source CT scanner resulting in Volume Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) of 15.79–18.26 mGy and dose length product (DLP) of 606.7–613.8 mGy*cm. Non-irradiated samples served as a control. Differential gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed 6 h after irradiation using whole transcriptome sequencing. DSB frequency was studied by 53BP1 + γH2AX co-immunostaining and microscopic evaluation of their focal accumulation at DSBs. Neither the analysis of gene expression nor DSB frequency provided any evidence for significantly increased biological effectiveness of dual-energy CT in comparison to samples irradiated with particular single-energy CT spectra. Relative to control, irradiated samples were characterized by a significantly higher rate of DSBs (p < 0.001) and the shared upregulation of five genes, AEN, BAX, DDB2, FDXR and EDA2R, which have already been suggested as radiation-induced biomarkers in previous studies. Despite steadily decreasing doses, CT diagnostics remain a genotoxic stressor with impact on gene regulation and DNA integrity. However, no evidence was found that varying X-ray spectra of CT impact the extent of cellular damage.

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“…51,64,[80][81][82] However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a protocol is proposed to detect DNA DSBs after CBCT examination, although other genotoxicity markers have been published before. 83 Our validation data show that that ex vivo BM cells can be used to perform γH2AX/53BP1 analysis. Future studies will investigate whether age-dependent differences can be detected in the amount of DNA DSBs after CBCT examination.…”

Section: Methods For Assessing Cellular and Subcellular Changes After Cbctmentioning

confidence: 76%

Method validation to assess in vivo cellular and subcellular changes in buccal mucosa cells and saliva following CBCT examinations

Belmans

Gilles

Virág

et al. 2019

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives: Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is a medical imaging technique used in dental medicine. However, there are no conclusive data available indicating that exposure to X-ray doses used by CBCT are harmless. We aim, for the first time, to characterize the potential age-dependent cellular and subcellular effects related to exposure to CBCT imaging. Current objective is to describe and validate the protocol for characterization of cellular and subcellular changes after diagnostic CBCT. Methods: Development and validation of a dedicated two-part protocol: 1) assessing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in buccal mucosal (BM) cells and 2) oxidative stress measurements in saliva samples. BM cells and saliva samples are collected prior to and 0.5 h after CBCT examination. BM cells are also collected 24 h after CBCT examination. DNA DSBs are monitored in BM cells via immunocytochemical staining for γH2AX and 53BP1. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and total antioxidant capacity are measured in saliva to assess oxidative damage. Results: Validation experiments show that sufficient BM cells are collected (97.1 ± 1.4 %) and that γH2AX/53BP1 foci can be detected before and after CBCT examination. Collection and analysis of saliva samples, either sham exposed or exposed to IR, show that changes in 8-oxo-dG and total antioxidant capacity can be detected in saliva samples after CBCT examination. Conclusion: The DIMITRA Research Group presents a two-part protocol to analyze potential age-related biological differences following CBCT examinations. This protocol was validated for collecting BM cells and saliva and for analyzing these samples for DNA DSBs and oxidative stress markers, respectively.

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Evidence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of X-rays in the oral mucosa epithelium of adults subjected to cone beam CT

Abstract: The partial and total CBCT seems to offer risks of inducing genetic damage. In addition both forms of CBCT acquisition have promoted the induction of cytotoxic nuclear alterations.

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of cone beam computed tomography in children

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of cone beam computed tomography in children

Gene expression changes and DNA damage after ex vivo exposure of peripheral blood cells to various CT photon spectra

Method validation to assess in vivo cellular and subcellular changes in buccal mucosa cells and saliva following CBCT examinations

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