Evidence of Exponential Growth of an Anammox Population in an Anaerobic Batch Culture

Yasuda, Tomoko; Waki, Miyoko; Yoshinaga, Ikuo; Amano, Teruki; Suzuki, Kazuyoshi; Tanaka, Yasuo; Yamagishi, Takao; Suwa, Yuichi

doi:10.1264/jsme2.me10181

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The SBR technique has been fruitfully applied in many laboratories (Op den Camp et al ., ), although other approaches to culture these organisms have also been developed. Bioreactors such as upflow‐anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors (Strous et al ., ; Imajo et al ., ; Schmidt et al ., ,b; Ni et al ., ), rotating biological contactors (Van de Graaf et al ., ; Egli et al ., , ; Windey et al ., ), and even manually fed batch cultivation systems (Sànchez‐Melsió et al ., ; Suneethi & Joseph, ; Yasuda et al ., ) were used. All methods, however, rely on the settling properties of anammox cell aggregates.…”

Section: Anammox Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

How to make a living from anaerobic ammonium oxidation

et al. 2013

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Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria primarily grow by the oxidation of ammonium coupled to nitrite reduction, using CO2 as the sole carbon source. Although they were neglected for a long time, anammox bacteria are encountered in an enormous species (micro)diversity in virtually any anoxic environment that contains fixed nitrogen. It has even been estimated that about 50% of all nitrogen gas released into the atmosphere is made by these 'impossible' bacteria. Anammox catabolism most likely resides in a special cell organelle, the anammoxosome, which is surrounded by highly unusual ladder-like (ladderane) lipids. Ammonium oxidation and nitrite reduction proceed in a cyclic electron flow through two intermediates, hydrazine and nitric oxide, resulting in the generation of proton-motive force for ATP synthesis. Reduction reactions associated with CO2 fixation drain electrons from this cycle, and they are replenished by the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. Besides ammonium or nitrite, anammox bacteria use a broad range of organic and inorganic compounds as electron donors. An analysis of the metabolic opportunities even suggests alternative chemolithotrophic lifestyles that are independent of these compounds. We note that current concepts are still largely hypothetical and put forward the most intriguing questions that need experimental answers.

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Section: Anammox Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

How to make a living from anaerobic ammonium oxidation

et al. 2013

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“…Since then, five genera of anammox bacteria have been (provisionally) described: “ Brocadia ”, “ Kuenenia ”, “ Anammoxoglobus ”, “ Jettenia ” (all fresh water species), and “ Scalindua ” (marine species). The anammox reaction has been detected not only in anoxic wastewater, but also in natural environments such as marine, coastal, and estuarine sediments, anoxic basins, mangrove sediments, oceanic oxygen-depleted zones, freshwater sediments, and even in agricultural soils (3, 4, 60, 67, 69, 103, 132, 136, 142). The control of denitrification and anammox, which are the main N loss processes and fundamentally rely on different organisms and metabolic pathways, is receiving particular attention in the ocean and is discussed below.…”

Section: New Pathways and Playersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Perspectives on Microbes Involved in N-Cycling

2014

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Nitrogen (N) cycles have been directly linked to the functional stability of ecosystems because N is an essential element for life. Furthermore, the supply of N to organisms regulates primary productivity in many natural ecosystems. Microbial communities have been shown to significantly contribute to N cycles because many N-cycling processes are microbially mediated. Only particular groups of microbes were implicated in N-cycling processes, such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, until a few decades ago. However, recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and sophisticated isolation techniques have enabled microbiologists to discover that N-cycling microbes are unexpectedly diverse in their functions and phylogenies. Therefore, elucidating the link between biogeochemical N-cycling processes and microbial community dynamics can provide a more mechanistic understanding of N cycles than the direct observation of N dynamics. In this review, we summarized recent findings that characterized the microbes governing novel N-cycling processes. We also discussed the ecological role of N-cycling microbial community dynamics, which is essential for advancing our understanding of the functional stability of ecosystems.

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“…Brocadia sinica” (25), 14.4 d for “ Ca. Scalindua sp.” (4), 3.6–5.4 d for anammox bacteria enriched from activated sludge and estimated by quantitative PCR (33), and 6–10 d for anammox bacteria enriched from a freshwater lake sediment and estimated by 29 N 2 measurements (38). These low growth rates have been supported by the following stoichiometry of the anammox process calculated by considering inorganic carbon fixation to cells (anabolism), as originally reported by Strous et al (30):…”

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confidence: 99%

Biomass Yield Efficiency of the Marine Anammox Bacterium, “<i>Candidatus</i> Scalindua sp.,” is Affected by Salinity

Awata

Kindaichi

Ozaki

et al. 2015

Microbes and environments

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The growth rate and biomass yield efficiency of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria are markedly lower than those of most other autotrophic bacteria. Among the anammox bacterial genera, the growth rate and biomass yield of the marine anammox bacterium “Candidatus Scalindua sp.” is still lower than those of other anammox bacteria enriched from freshwater environments. The activity and growth of marine anammox bacteria are generally considered to be affected by the presence of salinity and organic compounds. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of salinity and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) on the anammox activity, inorganic carbon uptake, and biomass yield efficiency of “Ca. Scalindua sp.” enriched from the marine sediments of Hiroshima Bay, Japan, were investigated in batch experiments. Differences in VFA concentrations (0–10 mM) were observed under varying salinities (0.5%–4%). Anammox activity was high at 0.5%–3.5% salinity, but was 30% lower at 4% salinity. In addition, carbon uptake was higher at 1.5%–3.5% salinity. The results of the present study clearly demonstrated that the biomass yield efficiency of the marine anammox bacterium “Ca. Scalindua sp.” was significantly affected by salinity. On the other hand, the presence of VFAs up to 10 mM did not affect anammox activity, carbon uptake, or biomass yield efficiency.

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Evidence of Exponential Growth of an Anammox Population in an Anaerobic Batch Culture

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

How to make a living from anaerobic ammonium oxidation

How to make a living from anaerobic ammonium oxidation

Ecological Perspectives on Microbes Involved in N-Cycling

Biomass Yield Efficiency of the Marine Anammox Bacterium, “<i>Candidatus</i> Scalindua sp.,” is Affected by Salinity

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