Evidence of electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam

Abe, K.; Abgrall, N.; Aihara, H.; Akiri, T.; Albert, J.; Andreopoulos, C.; Aoki, Shigeki; Ariga, A.; Ariga, T.; Assylbekov, S.; Autiero, D.; Barbi, M.; Barker, G. J.; Barr, G.; Bass, M.; Batkiewicz, M.; Bay, F.; Bentham, S. W.; Berardi, V.; Berger, B. E.; Berkman, S.; Bertram, I.; Beznosko, D.; Bhadra, S.; Blaszczyk, F. d. M.; Blondel, A.; Bojechko, C.; Boyd, S. B.; Brailsford, D.; Bravar, A.; Bronner, C.; Brook-Roberge, D. G.; Buchanan, N. J.; Calland, R. G.; Rodríguez, J. Caravaca; Cartwright, S. L.; Castillo, R.; Catanesi, M. G.; Cervera, A.; Cherdack, D.; Christodoulou, G.; Clifton, A.; Coleman, J. P.; Coleman, S. J.; Collazuol, G.; Connolly, K.; Cremonesi, L.; Curioni, A.; Dąbrowska, A.; Dankó, I.; Das, Rajarshi; Davis, Stephen C.; Day, M.; André, J. P. A. M. de; Perio, P. de; Rosa, G. De; Dealtry, T.; Dennis, S. R.; Densham, C.; Lodovico, F. Di; Luise, S. Di; Dobson, J.; Drapier, O.; Duboyski, T.; Dufour, Frédéric; Dumarchez, J.; Dytman, S.; Dziewiecki, M.; Dziomba, M.; Emery, S.; Ereditato, A.; Escudero, L.; Finch, A. J.; Frank, Edward D.; Friend, M.; Fujii, Y.; Fukuda, Y.; Furmanski, A. P.; Galymov, V.; Gaudin, A.; Giffin, S.; Giganti, C.; Gilje, K.; Golan, T.; Gómez-Cadenas, J. J.; Gonin, M.; Grant, N.; Gudin, D.; Hadley, D. R.; Haesler, A.; Haigh, M. D.; Hamilton, P.; Hansen, D.; Hara, T.; Hartz, M.; Hasegawa, T.; Hastings, N. C.; Hayato, Y.; Hearty, C.; Helmer, R. L.; Hierholzer, M.; Hignight, J.; Hillairet, A.; Himmel, A.; Hiraki, T.; Hirota, S.; Holeczek, J.; Horikawa, S.; Huang, K.; Ichikawa, A. K.; Ieki, K.; Ieva, M.; Ikeda, M.; Imber, J.; Insler, J.; Irvine, T. J.; Ishida, Toru; Ishii, T.; Ives, S. J.; Iyogi, K.; Izmaylov, A.; Jacob, Anu; Jamieson, B.; Johnson, R. A.; Jo, J. H.; Jönsson, P.; Joo, K. K.; Jung, C. K.; Kaboth, A. C.; Kaji, Hiroshi; Kajita, T.; Kakuno, H.; Kameda, J.; Kanazawa, Y.; Karlen, D.; Karpikov, I.; Kearns, E.; Khabibullin, M.; Khanam, F.; Khotjantsev, A.; Kiełczewska, D.; Kikawa, T.; Kilinski, A.; Kim, J. Y.; Kim, J.; Kim, S. B.; Kirby, B.; Kisiel, J.; Kitching, P.; Kobayashi, Toshio; Kogan, G.; Kolaceke, A.; Konaka, A.; Kormos, L. L.; Korzenev, A.; Koseki, K.; Koshio, Y.; Kowalik, K.; Kreslo, I.; Kropp, W. R.; Kubo, H.; Kudenko, Y.; Kumaratunga, S.; Kurjata, R.; Kutter, T.; Łagoda, J.; Laihem, K.; Laing, A.; Laveder, M.; Lawe, M.; Lazos, M.; Lee, K. P.; Licciardi, C.; Lim, I. T.; Lindner, T.; Lister, C.; Litchfield, R. P.; Longhin, A.; Lopez, G.; Ludovici, L.; Macaire, M.; Magaletti, L.; Mahn, Kendall; Malek, M.; Manly, S.; Marchionni, A.; Marino, A. D.; Marteau, J.; Martin, J. F.; Maruyama, T.; Marzec, J.; Masliah, P.; Mathie, E. L.; Matveev, V.; Mavrokoridis, K.; Mazzucato, E.; McCauley, N.; McFarland, K. S.; McGrew, C.; Mclachlan, T. C.; Messina, M.; Metelko, C.; Mezzetto, M.; Mijakowski, P.; Miller, C. A.; Minamino, A.; Mineev, O.; Mine, S.; Missert, A.; Miura, Makoto; Monfregola, L.; Moriyama, S.; Mueller, Th A.; Murakami, Akira; Murdoch, M.; Murphy, S.; Myslik, J.; Nagasaki, Takanori; Nakadaira, T.; Nakahata, M.; Nakai, T.; Nakajima, K.; Nakamura, K.; Nakayama, S.; Nakaya, T.; Nakayoshi, K.; Naples, D.; Nicholls, T. C.; Nielsen, C.; Nirkko, M.; Nishikawa, K.; Nishimura, Y.; O’Keeffe, H. M.; Obayashi, Y.; Ohta, R.; Okumura, K.; Okusawa, T.; Oryszczak, W.; Oser, S. M.; Otani, M.; Owen, R. A.; Oyama, Y.; Pac, M. Y.; Palladino, V.; Paolone, V.; Payne, D. J.; Pearce, G. F.; Perevozchikov, O.; Perkin, J. D.; Petrov, Y.; Guerra, E. S. Pinzon; Płoński, P.; Poplawska, E.; Popov, Б.; Posiadała, M.; Poutissou, J. M.; Poutissou, R.; Przewłocki, P.; Quilain, B.; Radicioni, E.; Ratoff, P. N.; Ravonel, M.; Rayner, M.; Reeves, Mark E.; Reinherz‐Aronis, E.; Retière, F.; Robert, A.; Rodrigues, P. A.; Rondio, E.; Roth, Stefan; Rubbia, A.; Ruterbories, D.; Sacco, R.; Sakashita, K.; Sánchez, F.; Scantamburlo, E.; Scholberg, K.; Schwehr, J.; Scott, M.; Scully, D. I.; Seiya, Y.; Sekiguchi, T.; Sekiya, H.; Sgalaberna, D.; Shibata, M.; Shiozawa, M.; Short, S.; Shustrov, Y.; Sinclair, P.; Smith, Benjamin M.; Smith, R. J.; Smy, M. B.; Sobczyk, J. T.; Sobel, H. W.; Sorel, M.; Southwell, L.; Stamoulis, P.; Steinmann, J.; Still, B.; Suzuki, A.; Suzuki, K.; Suzuki, Shoji; Suzuki, Y.; Szegłowski, T.; Szeptycka, M.; Tacik, R.; Tada, M.; Takahashi, Sentaro; Takeda, Atsushi; Takeuchi, Y.; Tanaka, H. A.; Tanaka, M.; Taylor, Ian; Terhorst, D.; Terri, R.; Thompson, L. F.; Thorley, A.; Tobayama, S.; Toki, W. H.; Tomura, T.; Totsuka, Y.; Touramanis, C.; Tsukamoto, T.; Tzanov, M.; Uchida, Y.; Ueno, K.; Vacheret, A.; Vagins, M. R.; Vasseur, G.; Wąchała, T.; Waldron, A. V.; Walter, C. W.; Wark, D.; Wascko, M. O.; Weber, A.; Wendell, R.; Wilkes, R. J.; Wilking, M. J.; Wilkinson, C.; Williamson, Z.; Wilson, J. R.; Wilson, R. J.; Wongjirad, T.; Yamada, Y.; Yamamoto, K.; Yanagisawa, C.; Yen, S.; Yershov, N.; Yokoyama, M.; Yuan, Tianlu; Zalewska, A.; Zambelli, L.; Заремба, К.; Ziembicki, M.; Zimmerman, E. D.; Zito, M.; Åmuda, J.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.88.032002

Cited by 151 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…The hadron production data used for the oscillation analyses described here are equivalent to those used in our previous publications [3,11], including the statistics-limited NA61/SHINE data set taken in 2007 on a thin carbon target. The NA61/SHINE data analyses of the 2009 thin-target and T2K-replica-target data are ongoing, and these additional data will be used in future T2K analyses.…”

Section: A Neutrino Flux Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In earlier published T2K ν e appearance analysis results [3,97], we used a π 0 rejection method which is different from what is described above [98]. To demonstrate the improvement over the previous method, Fig.…”

Section: B π 0 Rejection With the New Event Reconstruction Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use SKDETSIM [3,9], a GEANT3-derived simulation of the SK detector, to model the propagation of particles produced by neutrino interactions. The GCALOR physics package is used to simulate hadronic interactions in water owing to its ability to reproduce pion interaction data around 1 GeV=c.…”

Section: Systematic Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory a few years later, in combination with SK data, revealed that neutrino oscillation was responsible for the apparent deficit of electron neutrinos produced in the Sun [2]. In the most recent major advance, the T2K experiment [3,4] and reactor experiments [5][6][7][8] have established that all three neutrino mass states are mixtures of all three-flavor states, which allows the possibility of CP violation in neutrino oscillation. This paper describes our most recent measurements of neutrino oscillation including our first results from analyses that combine measurements of muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with6.6×1020protons on target

Abe¹,

Adam²,

Aihara³

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. D

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278

376

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We report on measurements of neutrino oscillation using data from the T2K long-baseline neutrino experiment collected between 2010 and 2013. In an analysis of muon neutrino disappearance alone, we find the following estimates and 68% confidence intervals for the two possible mass hierarchies: normal hierarchy∶ sin 2 θ 23 ¼ 0.514 þ0.055 −0.056 and Δm 2 32 ¼ ð2.51 AE 0.10Þ × 10 −3 eV 2 =c 4 and inverted hierarchy∶ sin 2 θ 23 ¼ 0.511 AE 0.055 and Δm 2 13 ¼ ð2.48 AE 0.10Þ × 10 −3 eV 2 =c 4 . The analysis accounts for multinucleon mechanisms in neutrino interactions which were found to introduce negligible bias. We describe our first analyses that combine measurements of muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance to estimate four oscillation parameters, jΔm 2 j, sin 2 θ 23 , sin 2 θ 13 , δ CP , and the mass hierarchy. Frequentist and Bayesian intervals are presented for combinations of these parameters, with and without including recent reactor measurements. At 90% confidence level and including reactor measurements, we exclude the region δ CP ¼ ½0.15; 0.83 π for normal hierarchy and δ CP ¼ ½−0.08; 1.09 π for inverted hierarchy. The T2K and reactor data weakly favor the normal hierarchy with a Bayes factor of 2.2. The most probable values and 68% one-dimensional credible intervals for the other oscillation parameters, when reactor data are included, are sin 2 θ 23 ¼ 0.528 þ0.055 −0.038 and jΔm 2 32 j ¼ ð2.51 AE 0.11Þ × 10 −3 eV 2 =c 4 .

show abstract

Section: A Neutrino Flux Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B π 0 Rejection With the New Event Reconstruction Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systematic Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with6.6×1020protons on target

Abe¹,

Adam²,

Aihara³

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. D

Self Cite

278

376

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show abstract

“…The CKM matrix elements are currently known with some precision and the CP-violating phase turns out to be rather small [36]. For the PMNS matrix, the angles are being measured in current experiments [37][38][39][40] while no information is currently available for the phases on which CP violation depends.…”

Section: Jhep08(2014)156mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptonic CP violating effective action for Dirac and Majorana neutrinos

Garcı́a-Recio

Salcedo

2014

J. High Energ. Phys.

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In the Standard Model minimally extended to include massive neutrinos, we compute the leading CP-violating zero temperature contributions to the one-loop effective action induced by integration of the leptons. Such contributions start at operators of dimension six and they are P even for Dirac neutrinos and P even or odd for Majorana neutrinos. Dimension four operators are allowed in the mixed Dirac-Majorana case. It is verified by explicit calculation that CP can be violated in two generation settings for Majorana neutrinos. Using different neutrino scenarios we give upper bounds for the couplings of the CP-violating operators. As a rule, we find that lepton-induced couplings are suppressed as compared to quark-induced couplings, whenever the latter are allowed, nevertheless, through virtual lepton-number violating mechanisms, Majorana neutrinos induce new CP-violating operators not present in the quark or Dirac-neutrino cases.

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Development of Scintillator‐Based Muon Detectors for Muography

et al. 2022

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In this chapter, we describe basic features and give some current applications of the most popular detection technology used in muography: the scintillator-based muon detectors, widely used not only in volcanology, where their properties find natural applications, but also in geosciences, archeology, non-invasive industrial control, civil engineering, homeland security, nuclear non-proliferation and more. As we will emphasize in the following sections, there are many advantages in the use of scintillators, which are known to be robust -and therefore usable in harsh environmental conditions -and offer real-time analogic measurement capabilities with a good space and time resolution. The design of such detectors is flexible and may be used in many different ways depending on the target under study, the field conditions, the modularity of the detectors etc. Throughout this chapter, we will focus on one particular muon detector (also referred to as "muon telescope") originally designed to study the active volcanic dome of the Soufrière of Guadeloupe to show the generic features of this detection technique.

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Evidence of electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam

Cited by 151 publications

References 116 publications

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with6.6×1020protons on target

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with6.6×1020protons on target

Leptonic CP violating effective action for Dirac and Majorana neutrinos

Development of Scintillator‐Based Muon Detectors for Muography

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