Evidence of differing genotypic effects of PPAR  in women and men

Influence of cholesteryl ester transfer protein, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α, apolipoprotein E, and apolipoprotein A-I polymorphisms on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, lipoprotein A-I, and lipoprotein A-I:A-II concentrations: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction study

“…The frequencies of PPARA L162V alleles are in agreement with those published earlier by other researchers [10,26,27]. Our data did not show any significant increase in the levels of HDL-C, Lp A-I, and Lp A-I:A-II in the presence of the PPARA g allele.…”

PPARα-L162V polymorphism is not associated with schizophrenia risk in a Croatian population

“…Disturbances of lipid metabolism and PUFA deficits have been repeatedly reported in patients with schizophrenia [10,31]. Although a functional L162V polymorphism of the PPARα gene has been extensively investigated in etiology of abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism [18,22,30], to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study performed in schizophrenia subjects. Moreover, our current study was also the first to determine the association between schizophrenia and L162V polymorphism, as a possible risk factor for the illness.…”

“…Moreover, functional studies have demonstrated that V162 allele has higher transcriptional activity in vitro, than L162 allele [18,22,32]. Thus, the L162V polymorphic variant could possibly modulate more efficiently the ability of PPARα to induce the activity of enzymes that act in PUFA biosynthesis.…”

“…To date, a whole series of studies have reported gender specific differences in PPARα genotype effect on lipid plasma levels, response to statin treatment, and risk for developing hypertension and obesity [3,22,23], indicating a possible role of sex hormones on expression and/or PPARα activity. Furthermore, there is also evidence, based on studies performed in animal models, that PPARα expression and/or activity might be regulated by estrogen signaling pathways [2].…”

“…While the influence of PPAR-L162V polymorphism has been intensively studied in dyslipidemia, some measures of adiposity, risk for coronary ischemic events, and age of onset in patients with diabetes [3,[18][19][20], the relevance of L162V polymorphic variation on lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia has not been investigated so far. The less common V allele, the [3,22,23]. Because PPARα gene is a key regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis, variations of this gene could possibly contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia, or may influence its clinical expression.…”