Evidence of dietary protein restriction regulating pupation height, development time and lifespan in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Krittika, Sudhakar; Lenka, Alisha; Yadav, Pankaj

doi:10.1242/bio.042952

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Wild-type strain of fruit flies, D. melanogaster (Canton S-CS) was obtained from late Prof. Vijay Kumar Sharma, Chronobiology Lab, JNCASR, Bangalore, India. The maintenance protocol of the fly stocks is similar to the one described elsewhere 43 . The flies were maintained on a bananajaggery medium (fly food) inside a plexi glass cage of length-25 cm, breadth-20 cm and height-15 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein restriction deciphers new relationships between lifespan, fecundity and activity levels in fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster

Krittika

Yadav

2020

Sci Rep

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Drosophila melanogaster has been used in Diet Restriction (DR) studies for a few decades now, due to easy diet implementation and its short lifespan. Since the concentration of protein determines the trade-offs between lifespan and fecundity, it is important to understand the level of protein and the extent of its influence on lifespan, fecundity and activity of fruit flies. In this study, we intend to assess the effect of a series of protein restricted diets from age 1 day of the adult fly on these traits to understand the possible variations in trade-off across tested diets. We found that lifespan under different protein concentrations remains unaltered, even though protein restricted diets exerted an age-specific influence on fecundity. Interestingly, there was no difference in lifetime activity of the flies in most of the tested protein restricted (PR) diets, even though a sex-dependent influence of protein concentrations was observed. Additionally, we report that not all concentrations of pR diet increase activity, thereby suggesting that the correlation between lifespan and the lifetime activity can be challenged under protein-restricted condition. Therefore, the PR does not need to exert its effect on lifespan and fecundity only but can also influence activity levels of the flies, thereby emphasizing the role of nutrient allotment between lifespan, fecundity and activity. Lifespan and fecundity are major fitness parameters that can assess the rate of aging and healthspan of organisms. It is suggested that lifespan and healthspan are no longer equivalent parameters and hence do not allow us to use lifespan alone to assess aging and fitness of an individual 1. For the past two decades, studies on the role of nutrition in the regulation of fitness and its related traits have been studied to understand the intricate process of aging. Nutritional studies employ techniques like calorie restriction, Diet Restriction (DR; henceforth), food dilution, intermittent feeding, etc., for a long time in a variety of animal models such as mice, fruit flies and nematodes 2-4. Since the validity of calorie restriction and food dilution has been debatable 5,6 , intermittent feeding and DR (involving restriction of one or more nutrients in the food, without causing malnutrition) have gained momentum in nutritional geometry studies. Numerous DR and aging studies have been done using fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster because of their ability to cater to a wide range of researches due to its shorter lifespan, well-understood genetics, and the presence of many equivalent genes in humans. Implementing reduced yeast (protein source in fly food) can be termed as Protein Restriction (PR; a type of DR). Several studies have shown that PR can extend lifespan and also result in a possible trade-off in fecundity 2,5. PR imposed on fruit flies D. melanogaster enables us to assess the effect of protein alone on fitness and fitness-related traits. Apart from the interplay between lifespan and fecundity upon DR, the locomotor activity of fl...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein restriction deciphers new relationships between lifespan, fecundity and activity levels in fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster

Krittika

Yadav

2020

Sci Rep

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“…HSD was prepared by adding 150 mM sugar to regular cornmeal food (10,15). DR was prepared by reducing the yeast composition by 15% (11). The larval media contained the same feed composition at a concentration of 50% except for agar and nipagin.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drosophila has proved to be a great model of obesity (9,10); however, studies on diet-induced phenotypes are scarce. For example, dietary protein restriction has been associated with increased lifespan in adult and larval stages of Drosophila (11). Furthermore, dietary restriction has been associated with increased expression of antioxidant genes, increasing stress resistance and locomotory activity (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Restriction Induces a Stable Metabolic Obesity Phenotype in Drosophila Melanogaster

Asiimwe

Sulaiman

Ochieng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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ObjectiveChallenges associated with current nutritional models to induce obesity in Drosophila melanogaster created a rationale for this study. The objective of the study was to investigate biochemical changes associated with high-fat diet (HFD), high sucrose diet (HSD), and a protein-restricted diet (DR) to induce a healthy metabolic obesity state. Drosophila melanogaster were fed to four experimental diets: regular food (control), HFD, HSD, and DR, for four weeks. Peristaltic waves were measured on 3rd instar larvae, while negative geotaxis, body mass, catalase activity; and total triglycerides, sterol, and protein were measured in adult Drosophila melanogaster.ResultsDR produced a Drosophila melanogaster phenotype which had superior adaptive advantages than that generated from HFD and HSD. HFD was the best phenotype during larval stages; however, locomotory, body mass, triglyceride, sterol concentrations, and catalase activity were highest in the DR phenotype during adulthood. High catalase activity and high triglyceride content demonstrated a balanced and healthy metabolic obesity status than in other phenotypes in the adult stage. Evolutionary changes are responsible for the selective advantage of the DR phenotype over the HFD phenotype. Prospective studies to guide therapy and community behavior should place more emphasis on the DR phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster.

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“…The diet of fruit flies commonly comprises of carbohydrates and proteins as the major source, with lipids, vitamins, minerals present in minor quantities. Restricting protein source (yeast) in the fly food is a type of dietary implementation (Protein Restriction; PR henceforth), and is seen to influence a range of fitness and fitness-related traits such as lifespan, fecundity, stress resistance, activity, development time, etc., (Chapman and Partridge, 1996; Katewa et al, 2012; Sisodia and Singh, 2012; Krittika et al, 2019). Interestingly, PR is known to influence traits like body size, weight, and wing length, wherein variations in yeast concentration can significantly alter the body size and weight of the flies, and also have an influence on their wing length in a single generation itself (environment effect; Robertson, 1960, 1963; G ü leret al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-generational effect of protein restricted diet on adult body and wing size ofDrosophila melanogaster

Krittika

Yadav

2020

Preprint

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24Dietary Restriction (DR) via protein restriction (PR) has turned out to be a very inquisitive field 25 as past studies opened about the feasible trade-offs between various fitness and behavioral traits 26 in Drosophila melanogaster to understand lifespan or aging in a nutritionally challenged 27 environment. However, the phenotypes of body size, weight and wing length respond according 28 to the factors such as flies' genotype, environmental exposure and parental diet. Hence, 29 understanding the long-term effect of PR on these phenotypes is essential. Here, we demonstrate 30 the effect of PR diet on body size, weight and normal & dry wing length of flies subjected to 31 PR50 & PR70 (50% & 70% protein content present in control food respectively) for 20 32 generations from the pre-adult stage. We found that the PR fed flies have lower body weight, 33 relative water content (in males), smaller normal & dry body size as compared to its control and 34 generations 1 & 2. Interestingly, the wing size of PR flies and the pupal size of PR70 flies are 35 smaller and also showed significant effects of diet and generation. Thus, these traits are sex and 36 generation dependent along with an interaction of diet, which is capable of modulating these 37 results variably. Our study suggests that the trans-generational effect is more prominent in 38 influencing these traits and moreover wing length might not be a predictor for body size. Taken 39 together, the trans-generational effect of dietary protein restriction on fitness and fitness-related 40 traits might be helpful to understand the underpinning mechanisms pertaining to evolution and 41 aging in fruit flies D. melanogaster. 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 3 Introduction: 51 Organisms vary in body size not only across species, but also within a particular species. The 52 variations in the body composition can influence phenotypic traits like body size, body weight 53 etc., while these trait variations can be attributed to various environmental and genetic factors 1-54 3]. The environmental factors that can influence organismal body size and weight, including 55 wing length (especially in insects) can be nutrition [4], temperature [5-6], crowding [4, 7], 56 latitudinal clines [8] and certain cases of laboratory selection pressures for faster development 57 [9] etc. Body size, weight and wing length are certain parameters that ensure the overall fitness 58 of organisms including fruit flies. Thus, variations in these phenotypes can be used to understand 59 the genotypic changes that are bound to occur [10].60 Fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster for the past three decades, has been widely used as a model 61 organism for studying aging via nutritional approaches including diet restriction (DR), food 62 dilution, intermittent feeding, etc., [11-13]. The diet of fruit flies commonly comprises of 63 carbohydrates and proteins as the major source, with lipids, vitamins, minerals present in minor 64 quantities. Restricting protein source (yeast) in the fly food is a t...

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Evidence of dietary protein restriction regulating pupation height, development time and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Dietary protein restriction deciphers new relationships between lifespan, fecundity and activity levels in fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster

Dietary protein restriction deciphers new relationships between lifespan, fecundity and activity levels in fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster

Dietary Restriction Induces a Stable Metabolic Obesity Phenotype in Drosophila Melanogaster

Trans-generational effect of protein restricted diet on adult body and wing size ofDrosophila melanogaster

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