Evidence of coseismic ruptures along the Roum fault (Lebanon): a possible source for the AD 1837 earthquake

Nemer, Tony; Meghraoui, Mustapha

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.03.038

Cited by 60 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The fault lineament can be traced until approximately 33840 0 N latitude. At the northern extent, the trace of the Roum Fault disappears as it bends northward and merges with the hinge of the Chouf monocline -the southern part of the larger Mount Lebanon monoclinorium (Griffiths et al 2000;Khair 2001;Nemer & Meghraoui 2006).…”

Section: Roum Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meso-and micro-structures demonstrate primarily strike-slip displacement along the southern part Griffiths et al (2000) and Nemer & Meghraoui (2006) documented a northward decrease in the amount of deflection of major drainages across the Roum Fault. This was inferred to represent a northward decrease in strike-slip offset along the fault.…”

Section: Roum Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along this transform system, a large (c.180-km-long) restraining bend along the Dead Sea fault system encompasses present-day Lebanon and SW Syria. Recent palaeoseismic (Gomez et al 2001(Gomez et al , 2003Daeron et al 2004Daeron et al , 2005Nemer & Meghraoui 2006) and geodetic (e.g. Wdowinski et al 2004;Reilinger et al 2006) studies have shown that the strike-slip faults are unambiguously active within the Lebanese restraining bend, refuting suggestions to the contrary (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain partitioning of active transpression within the Lebanese restraining bend of the Dead Sea Fault (Lebanon and SW Syria)

Gomez

Nemer

Tabet

et al. 2007

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Recent neotectonic, palaeoseismic and GPS results along the central Dead Sea fault system elucidate the spatial distribution of crustal deformation within a large (c.180-km-long) restraining bend along this major continental transform. Within the ‘Lebanese’ restraining bend, the Dead Sea fault system splays into several key branches, and we suggest herein that active deformation is partitioned between NNE–SSW strike-slip faults and WNW–ESE crustal shortening. When plate motion is resolved into strike-slip parallel to the two prominent NNE–SSW strike-slip faults (the Yammouneh and Serghaya faults) and orthogonal motion, their slip rates are sufficient to account for all expected strike-slip motion. Shortening of the Mount Lebanon Range is inferred from the geometry and kinematics of the Roum Fault, as well as preliminary quantification of coastal uplift. The results do not account for all expected crustal shortening, suggesting that some contraction is probably accommodated in the Anti-Lebanon Range. It also seems unlikely that the present kinematic configuration characterizes the entire Cenozoic history of the restraining bend. Present-day strain partitioning contrasts with published observations on finite deformation in Lebanon, demonstrating distributed shear and vertical-axis block rotations. Furthermore, the present-day proportions of strike-slip displacement and crustal shortening are inconsistent with the total strike-slip offset and the lack of a significantly thickened crust. This suggests that the present rate of crustal shortening has not persisted for the longer life of the transform. Hence, we suggest that the Lebanese restraining bend evolved in a polyphase manner, involving an earlier episode of wrench-faulting and block rotation, followed by a later period of strain partitioning.

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Section: Roum Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Roum Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain partitioning of active transpression within the Lebanese restraining bend of the Dead Sea Fault (Lebanon and SW Syria)

Gomez

Nemer

Tabet

et al. 2007

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“…1, represents the most important structure because it connects the southern and the northern parts of the DSFS. This fault has a strikeslip displacement of 4-6 mm year -1 , while the Roum Fault shows a strike-slip rate of 1 mm year -1 Daeron et al 2004;Nemer and Meghraoui 2006;Gomez et al 2007). A recent study by Gomez et al (2007) showed that the Yammouneh Fault accommodates most of the expected strike-slip motion, which indicates that this fault is accumulating strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In addition, studies of the seismicity and tectonic activity of the DSTF, including its branching faults within Lebanese territory, have been carried out by Mohamad et al (2000), Gomez et al (2001), Tapponnier et al (2001), Meghraoui et al (2003), Nemer and Meghraoui (2006), Reilinger et al (2006), Nemer, Meghraoui et al (2008), Alchalbi et al (2009), and Palano et al (2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Anomalous Radon Gas Emanation Across the Yammouneh Fault in Southern Lebanon: A Possible Approach to Earthquake Prediction

Kobeissi

Gomez

Tabet

2015

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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The eastern Mediterranean region is an active tectonic setting that includes the Dead Sea Transform Fault, which forms the boundary between the African and the Arabian Plates and crosses Lebanon from south to north, striking in a restraining bend around 25-30°NE. The major structural feature in Lebanon is the Yammouneh Fault, which reaches to Syria and southern Turkey in a north-south direction. Measurements of radon gas concentration and exhalation rates in two locations along the southern segment of the Yammouneh Fault in south Lebanon were performed. Two profiles in the El-Khiam basin and Blat pull-apart basin and perpendicular to the Yammouneh Fault trace were analyzed. An approximate fault width 25-30 m wide was determined in the El-Khiam study area. Temporal increase of radon concentration was measured and correlated with stress/strain tectonic activity and stress drops along the studied fault segment boundary. Anomalous variable radon concentrations were detected during one of the measurements where an earthquake occurred in the region of Tiberias Lake in northern Palestine along the Yammouneh Fault in the study area. Measurements of radon concentration along a station's profile in Blat village did not show any radon anomalous variation due to the discontinuity along the fault (pull-apart), and possible absence of stress and energy accumulation along the Yammouneh Fault line in that location.

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Evolving efficiency of restraining bends within wet kaolin analog experiments

2015

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Restraining bends along strike-slip fault systems evolve by both propagation of new faults and abandonment of fault segments. Scaled analog modeling using wet kaolin allows for qualitative and quantitative observations of this evolution. To explore how bend geometry affects evolution, we model bends with a variety of initial angles, θ, from θ = 0°for a straight fault to θ = 30°. High-angle restraining bends (θ ≥ 20°) overcome initial inefficiencies by abandoning unfavorably oriented restraining segments and propagating multiple new, inwardly dipping, oblique-slip faults that are well oriented to accommodate convergence within the bend. Restraining bends with 0°< θ ≤ 15°maintain activity along the restraining bend segment and grow a single new oblique slip fault on one side of the bend. In all restraining bends, the first new fault propagates at~5 mm of accumulated convergence. Particle Image Velocimetry analysis provides a complete velocity field throughout the experiments. From these data, we quantify the strike-slip efficiency of the system as the percentage of applied plate-parallel velocity accommodated as slip in the direction of plate motion along faults within the restraining bend. Bends with small θ initially have higher strike-slip efficiency compared to bends with large θ. Although they have different fault geometries, all systems with a 5 cm bend width reach a steady strike-slip efficiency of 80% after 50 mm of applied plate displacement. These experimental restraining bends resemble crustal faults in their asymmetric fault growth, asymmetric topographic gradient, and strike-slip efficiency.

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Evidence of coseismic ruptures along the Roum fault (Lebanon): a possible source for the AD 1837 earthquake

Cited by 60 publications

References 25 publications

Strain partitioning of active transpression within the Lebanese restraining bend of the Dead Sea Fault (Lebanon and SW Syria)

Strain partitioning of active transpression within the Lebanese restraining bend of the Dead Sea Fault (Lebanon and SW Syria)

Measurement of Anomalous Radon Gas Emanation Across the Yammouneh Fault in Southern Lebanon: A Possible Approach to Earthquake Prediction

Evolving efficiency of restraining bends within wet kaolin analog experiments

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