Evidence of Breed-dependent Differences in Susceptibility to Porcine Circovirus Type-2-associated Disease and Lesions

Opriessnig, Tanja; Fenaux, Martijn; Thomas, P. John; Hoogland, Marlin; Rothschild, Max F.; Meng, Xiang‐Jin; Halbur, Patrick G.

doi:10.1354/vp.43-3-281

Cited by 107 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…All pigs were necropsied at 24 wk of age (21 d post PCV2 inoculation). Macroscopic lung lesions, scored from 0 to 100% of the lung affected, and the size of lymph nodes, scored from 0 (normal) to 3 (4 times the normal size), were estimated in a blinded fashion as described previously (Opriessnig et al, 2006a). Lungs were insufflated with fixative.…”

Section: Clinical Evaluation and Necropsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spanish scientists observed a trend toward genetic susceptibility and PCVAD in field studies involving certain paternal genetic backgrounds (Lopéz-Soria et al, 2004;Sibila et al, 2005). In a controlled trial, Landrace pigs were found to develop more severe microscopic PCV2-associated lesions compared with Large White and Duroc pigs (Opriessnig et al, 2006a). However, a French group was not able to confirm the improvement of PCVAD using selected breeding with Pietrain sires (Rose et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Difference in severity of porcine circovirus type two-induced pathological lesions between Landrace and Pietrain pigs1

Opriessnig

Patterson

Madson

et al. 2009

Journal of Animal Science

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Anecdotal information from the field suggests that there are host genetic differences in susceptibility to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated disease among Landrace and Pietrain breeds. The objective of this study was to determine if a difference exists in PCV2 susceptibility between Landrace and Pi-etrain pigs under experimental conditions. Thirty-nine Landrace pigs and 39 Pietrain pigs were blocked by breed, sire, dam, and litter and randomly divided into the following 4 groups: Landrace noninoculated negative control (Landrace-NEG; n = 13), Pietrain noninoculated negative control (Pietrain-NEG; n = 13), Landrace-PCV2 (n = 26; Landrace), and Pietrain-PCV2 (n = 26; Pietrain). After waning of passively acquired anti-PCV2 antibodies, Landrace-PCV2 and Pietrain-PCV2 groups were inoculated with PCV2 isolate ISU-40895. The Landrace-NEG and Pietrain-NEG groups were housed in a separate room, remained noninoculated, and served as negative controls. All pigs in all groups were necropsied at 21 d post PCV2-inoculation. Onset of seroconversion and concentrations of anti-PCV2-IgM, anti-PCV2-IgG, and anti-PCV2 neutralizing antibodies were similar in Landrace-PCV2 and Pietrain-PCV2 groups. Furthermore, the amount of PCV2 DNA and cytokine concentrations in serum and plasma samples were not different between the 2 PCV2-inoculated groups. The severity of PCV2-associated microscopic lesions was different between Landrace and Pietrain pigs; Landrace-PCV2 pigs had significantly (P < 0.05) more severe lymphoid lesions than the Pietrain-PCV2 pigs. Although the pigs originated from the same farm where their dams were commingled, passively acquired anti-PCV2-antibodies waned in Pietrain pigs by approximately 12 wk of age, whereas the majority of the Landrace pigs remained PCV2 seropositive until 18 wk of age and beyond. The results from this study indicate that a genetic difference exists between these 2 breeds of pigs in susceptibility to PCV2-associated lesions. ABSTRACT: Anecdotal information from the field suggests that there are host genetic differences in susceptibility to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated disease among Landrace and Pietrain breeds. The objective of this study was to determine if a difference exists in PCV2 susceptibility between Landrace and Pietrain pigs under experimental conditions. Thirty-nine Landrace pigs and 39 Pietrain pigs were blocked by breed, sire, dam, and litter and randomly divided into the following 4 groups: Landrace noninoculated negative control (Landrace-NEG; n = 13), Pietrain noninoculated negative control (Pietrain-NEG; n = 13), Landrace-PCV2 (n = 26; Landrace), and Pietrain-PCV2 (n = 26; Pietrain). After waning of passively acquired anti-PCV2 antibodies, Landrace-PCV2 and Pietrain-PCV2 groups were inoculated with PCV2 isolate ISU-40895. The Landrace-NEG and Pietrain-NEG groups were housed in a separate room, remained noninoculated, and served as negative controls. All pigs in all groups were necropsied at 21 d post PCV2-inoculation. Onset of seroconversion and ...

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Section: Clinical Evaluation and Necropsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in severity of porcine circovirus type two-induced pathological lesions between Landrace and Pietrain pigs1

Opriessnig

Patterson

Madson

et al. 2009

Journal of Animal Science

Self Cite

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“…Both these systems display large interindividual variations, partly attributable to genetic background. In pigs, breed-related differences have been observed for basal and stress-induced secretion of cortisol and adenocorticotropic hormone (Dé sauté s et al, 1999;Dé sauté s et al, 2002), acute-phase protein production -E-mail: Elodie.Merlot@rennes.inra.fr (Clapperton et al, 2007), leukocyte blood numbers (Clapperton et al, 2005a), antibody-and cell-mediated immune responses (Joling et al, 1993;Wilkie and Mallard, 1999) and susceptibility to several viruses (Opriessnig et al, 2006;Vincent et al, 2006;Petry et al, 2007). This variability was shown to rely on the additive genetic effects of a few quantitative trait loci (EdforsLilja et al, 2000;Wimmers et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment

Merlot

Vincent

Thomas

et al. 2012

Animal

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Since decades, production traits such as growth rate, feed efficiency or body composition have been drastically increased in pigs by genetic selection. Whether this selection impacted animal robustness is still unclear. In this study, we compared Large White (LW) pigs, a breed submitted to intense genetic selection for production traits, and Basque (B) pigs, a local rustic breed, reared in two different housing environments (conventionalv.enriched). Adaptation to housing conditions among each breed was evaluated at the level of endocrine and immune traits. These are known to be impacted by housing conditions and breed; however, the interaction effects between genotype and environment are less described. Animals (20 per breed and housing environment) entered the experiment at 35 kg of live weight. Levels of cortisol, acute-phase inflammatory proteins, immunoglobulins and hydrogen peroxide, blood formula, lymphocyte proliferation andin-vitrocytokine expression were measured at ∼115 kg of live weight. Animals were checked for skin injuries during the growing period. At slaughter, at the average live weight of 145 kg, carcasses were examined for pathological conditions of the respiratory tract. The major result was that the two breeds exhibited differences in response to the housing environment. Among the 24 sanitary, endocrine or immune traits investigated, the housing conditions affected eight variables in both breeds (salivary cortisol at 0700 and 1900 h, severity of pneumonia at slaughter) or only in B pigs (severe skin lesions) or LW pigs (salivary cortisol at 1500 h, granulocyte numbers and lymphocyte/granulocyte ratio and lymphocyte proliferation). These observations strengthen the hypothesis that selection for high meat production level might be associated with an increased susceptibility of animals to environmental stressors.

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“…As so many aspects of PMWS are as yet unknown, it is difficult to perform deliberate infection experiments and thus difficult to explore the underlying mechanisms. Some breeds have exhibited greater resistance than others (Opriessnig et al, 2006), but again this is mostly circumstantial and difficult to quantify. Therefore although this is a very important disease, at present there is no published evidence of genetic variation in the incidence or severity of PMWS and it is not yet a candidate disease for OG.…”

Section: Opportunities In Livestock Disease Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of opportunities to dissect host genetic variation in resistance to infectious diseases in livestock

Davies

Genini

Bishop

et al. 2009

Animal

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This paper reviews the evidence for host genetic variation in resistance to infectious diseases for a wide variety of diseases of economic importance in poultry, cattle, pig, sheep and Atlantic salmon. Further, it develops a method of ranking each disease in terms of its overall impact, and combines this ranking with published evidence for host genetic variation and information on the current state of genomic tools in each host species. The outcome is an overall ranking of the amenability of each disease to genomic studies that dissect host genetic variation in resistance. Six disease-based assessment criteria were defined: industry concern, economic impact, public concern, threat to food safety or zoonotic potential, impact on animal welfare and threat to international trade barriers. For each category, a subjective score was assigned to each disease according to the relative strength of evidence, impact, concern or threat posed by that particular disease, and the scores were summed across categories. Evidence for host genetic variation in resistance was determined from available published data, including breed comparison, heritability studies, quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies, evidence of candidate genes with significant effects, data on pathogen sequence and on host gene expression analyses. In total, 16 poultry diseases, 13 cattle diseases, nine pig diseases, 11 sheep diseases and three Atlantic salmon diseases were assessed. The top-ranking diseases or pathogens, i.e. those most amenable to studies dissecting host genetic variation, were Salmonella in poultry, bovine mastitis, Marek’s disease and coccidiosis, both in poultry. The top-ranking diseases or pathogens in pigs, sheep and Atlantic salmon wereEscherichia coli, mastitis and infectious pancreatic necrosis, respectively. These rankings summarise the current state of knowledge for each disease and broadly, although not entirely, reflect current international research efforts. They will alter as more information becomes available and as genome tools become more sophisticated for each species. It is suggested that this approach could be used to rank diseases from other perspectives as well, e.g. in terms of disease control strategies.

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Evidence of Breed-dependent Differences in Susceptibility to Porcine Circovirus Type-2-associated Disease and Lesions

Cited by 107 publications

References 58 publications

Difference in severity of porcine circovirus type two-induced pathological lesions between Landrace and Pietrain pigs1

Difference in severity of porcine circovirus type two-induced pathological lesions between Landrace and Pietrain pigs1

Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment

An assessment of opportunities to dissect host genetic variation in resistance to infectious diseases in livestock

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