Evidence of Bacterial Biofilm in Tubing from Hydraulic Pathway ofHemodialysis System

Man, N. K.; Degremont, Axel; Darbord, Jean-Claude; Collet, M.; Vaillant, Patrick

doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.1998.06195.x

Cited by 59 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Unlike dissemination via detached planktonic cells, surface-associated transport allows the spread of entire biofilm structures, presumably with preserved resistance to various antibiotics and chemical disinfectants (25). The flow of biofilms along pipe walls may also be an important consideration in infection from venous catheters (6), dental unit water lines (22), or dialysis machines (15). Further work is required to determine the significance of surface-associated biofilm transport in the dissemination of microbial pathogens in both clinical and industrial settings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hydrodynamics and Cell Signaling on the Structure and Behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Purevdorj¹,

Costerton²,

Stoodley

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

303

223

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biofilms were grown from wild-type (WT) Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and the cell signaling lasI mutant PAO1-JP1 under laminar and turbulent flows to investigate the relative contributions of hydrodynamics and cell signaling for biofilm formation. Various biofilm morphological parameters were quantified using Image Structure Analyzer software. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that both cell signaling and hydrodynamics significantly (P < 0.000) influenced biofilm structure. In turbulent flow, both biofilms formed streamlined patches, which in some cases developed ripple-like wave structures which flowed downstream along the surface of the flow cell. In laminar flow, both biofilms formed monolayers interspersed with small circular microcolonies. Ripple-like structures also formed in four out of six WT biofilms, although their velocity was approximately 10 times less than that of those that formed in the turbulent flow cells. The movement of biofilm cell clusters over solid surfaces may have important clinical implications for the dissemination of biofilm subject to fluid shear, such as that found in catheters. The ability of the cell signaling mutant to form biofilms in high shear flow demonstrates that signaling mechanisms are not required for the formation of strongly adhered biofilms. Similarity between biofilm morphologies in WT and mutant biofilms suggests that the dilution of signal molecules by mass transfer effects in faster flowing systems mollifies the dramatic influence of signal molecules on biofilm structure reported in previous studies.Cells in bacterial biofilms are often less susceptible to host immune responses and antibiotics than cells grown in suspension (18). Biofilms may also provide a protective environment for pathogens, which, when released from the biofilm, may result in contamination of drinking water and medical fluids in delivery devices such as dialysis machines, venous catheters, dental water lines, and airway ventilators. Life-threatening infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients is a well-known example (8). Since biofilm formation in itself can be considered a virulence factor, it is important to understand the mechanisms which influence biofilm accumulation, structure, and behavior. Both hydrodynamics and cell signaling have been found to influence the structure of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms. Stoodley et al. (27) reported that, under conditions of low-shear laminar flow, the biofilm consisted of a monolayer of cells with mound-shaped circular microcolonies but under high-shear, turbulent flow conditions, the biofilm formed filamentous streamers. Davies et al. (3) found that N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (OdDHL), a cell signal molecule involved in quorum sensing (QS) (reports regarding putative regulatory QS pathways and the role of QS in pathogenicity can be found elsewhere [5,16,20]), was required for the differentiation of biofilms into complex mushroom-and tower-like structures, which they described as characteristic of normal biofilms....

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hydrodynamics and Cell Signaling on the Structure and Behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Purevdorj¹,

Costerton²,

Stoodley

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

303

223

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Environmental biofilm-forming bacteria or micro-organisms present in cleaning solutions could have entered the water system through this opening. Tubing connections are known to be critical segments of the system and biofilm formation is recognized as a risk for haemodialysis patients (Man et al, 1998;Dasgupta, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing uncommon Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from an outbreak in a haemodialysis unit

Souza

Moreira

Pasternak

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An outbreak of bacteraemia in a haemodialysis unit where 65 episodes of infection involved 35 outpatients is reported. Burkholderia cepacia complex was the agent most frequently recovered from blood. Thirty-three environmental and clinical isolates of B. cepacia complex were characterized by whole-cell protein electrophoresis and recA-RFLP profile. Fourteen isolates were genomovar I and 16 isolates were not classifiable by their recA-RFLP pattern. Ribotyping, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and integron profile were used to explore the clonality of the isolates, and revealed multiple strain genotypes. Four ribotypes and RAPD types and three integron patterns were identified. The water supply was identified as the source of the outbreak, and inappropriate cleaning and a leak in the reverse osmosis tubing connection were the probable causes of contamination. B. cepacia complex was still recovered from blood of patients even after apparently adequate measures were taken and water quality standards were met, suggesting that higher standards for water quality should be adopted in haemodialysis units. The genomovars recovered here were distinct from those commonly reported for cystic fibrosis isolates.

show abstract

“…A similar clustering of parasitic cells has been shown to occur in vivo (6), and this could further compromise the ability of host defense cells to clear infections of C. immitis. Under in vivo growth conditions, the SOW layer may also act as a reservoir of antigens which are transported to the cell wall and entrapped by what we suggest is an organic polymer matrix (biofilm-like layer [27,34]) formed at the surface of clusters of parasitic cells. The presence of such a matrix could explain how the hydrophilic glycoproteins (SOWgps), identified by SDS-PAGE as the dominant proteinaceous components of the SOW, remain associated with the membranous wall fraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A Major Cell Surface Antigen of Coccidioides immitis Which Elicits Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multinucleate parasitic cells (spherules) of Coccidioides immitis isolates produce a membranous outer wall component (SOW) in vitro which has been reported to be reactive with antibody from patients with coccidioidal infection, elicits a potent proliferative response of murine immune T cells, and has immunoprotective capacity in a murine model of coccidioidomycosis. To identify the antigenic components of SOW, the crude wall material was first subjected to Triton X-114 extraction, and a water-soluble fraction derived from this treatment was examined for protein composition and reactivity in humoral and cellular immunoassays. Protein electrophoresis revealed that the aqueous fraction of three different isolates of C. immitis each contained one or two major glycoproteins (SOWgps), distinguished by their molecular sizes, which ranged from 58 to 82 kDa. The SOWgps, however, showed identical N-terminal amino acid sequences, and each was recognized by sera from patients with C. immitis infection. Antibody raised against the purified 58-kDa glycoprotein (SOWgp58) of the Silveira isolate was used for Western blot and immunolocalization analyses. Expression of SOWgp was shown to be parasitic phase specific, and the antigen was localized to the membranous SOW. The water-soluble fraction of SOW and the purified SOWgp58 were tested for the ability to stimulate proliferation of human peripheral monocytic cells (PBMC). The latter were obtained from healthy volunteers with positive skin test reaction to spherulin, a parasitic-phase antigen of C. immitis, and from volunteers who showed no skin test reaction to the same antigen. The SOW preparations stimulated proliferation of PBMC from skin test-positive but not skin test-negative donors, and the activated cells secreted gamma interferon, which is indicative of a T helper 1 pathway of immune response. Results of this study suggest that SOWgp is a major parasitic cell surfaceexpressed antigen that elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with coccidioidal infection.

show abstract

Evidence of Bacterial Biofilm in Tubing from Hydraulic Pathway ofHemodialysis System

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of Hydrodynamics and Cell Signaling on the Structure and Behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Influence of Hydrodynamics and Cell Signaling on the Structure and Behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Characterizing uncommon Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from an outbreak in a haemodialysis unit

A Major Cell Surface Antigen of Coccidioides immitis Which Elicits Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About