Evidence of antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance in a remote, isolated wild pig population

Breda, Lechelle K. Van; Ward, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.09.014

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The exposure of microorganisms to these compounds in the environment contributes to the appearance of resistant strains, which currently represents a serious health problem worldwide [32][33][34]. The transformation of endocrine disruptors is also relevant, given that water contamination by natural and synthetic hormones has frequently been reported, as have the toxic effects of hormone pollutants on various organisms [35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroperoxidase-Mediated Halogenation of Selected Pharmaceutical Micropollutants

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The oxidation of eight pharmaceutical micropollutants by chloroperoxidase derived from Caldaromyces fumago using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor is reported. All the tested compounds, namely trazadone, sulfamethoxazole, naproxen, tetracycline, estradiol, ketoconazole, ketorolac, and diclofenac, were found to be substrates for oxidation by chloroperoxidase. The respective oxidation products were identified by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. All the products contain at least one chloride atom in their structure after the enzymatic oxidation. Degradability experiments indicated that most of the reaction products are more biodegradable than the corresponding unmodified compounds. The enzyme was found to be catalytically active in effluent from a water treatment facility, transforming the micropollutants with high reaction rates and conversions. The enzyme was immobilized in chitosan macrospheres, which allowed the catalyst to be recycled for up to three treatment cycles in simulated samples of treated residual water. The conversion was high in the first two cycles; however, in the third, a 50% reduction in the capacity of the enzyme to oxidize ketorolac was observed. Additionally, immobilization improved the performance of the enzyme over a wider pH range, achieving the conversion of ketorolac at pH 5, while the free enzyme was not active at this pH. Overall, the results of this study suggest that chloroperoxidase represents a powerful potential catalyst in terms of its catalytic activity for the transformation of pharmaceutical micropollutants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroperoxidase-Mediated Halogenation of Selected Pharmaceutical Micropollutants

et al. 2018

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“…In Brazil, low antimicrobial resistance prevalence was detected, especially to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (10%), cephalothin (7%), and enrofloxacin (5%) [33]. On the other hand, an investigation carried out in Australia showed moderate resistance to sulfadimethoxine (50.4%) and florfenicol (27.0%), but a low circulation of multidrug-resistant strains (1.7%) [34]. In Italy, information about the antimicrobial resistance of wild boar E. coli is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Tuscany

Bertelloni

Cilia

Bogi

et al. 2020

Animals

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Wild boar are among the most widespread wild mammals in Europe. Although this species can act as a reservoir for different pathogens, data about its role as a carrier of pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant and pathogenic Escherichia coli in wild boar in the Tuscany region of Italy. During the hunting season of 2018–2019, E. coli was isolated from 175 of 200 animals and subjected to antimicrobial resistance tests and PCR for detection of resistance and virulence factor genes. The highest resistance rates were against cephalothin (94.3%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (87.4%), ampicillin (68.6%), and tetracycline (44.6%). The most detected resistance genes were blaCMY-2 (54.3%), sul1 (38.9%), sul2 (30.9%), and tetG (24.6%). Concerning genes encoding virulence factors, 55 of 175 isolates (31.4%) were negative for all tested genes. The most detected genes were hlyA (47.4%), astA (29.1%), stx2 (24.6%), eaeA (17.1%), and stx1 (11.4%). E. coli was classified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (21.7%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (6.3%), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (5.1%), and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) (3.4%). Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and typical enteropathogenic E. coli (tEPEC) were not detected. Our results show that wild boars could carry pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant E. coli, representing a possible reservoir of domestic animal and human pathogens.

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“…Wildlife can contribute to preserving and disseminating pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes shared with livestock and humans [1,2]. In recent years, the study in wildlife of genes conferring resistance to human last-resort antibiotics, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC-type β-lactamases (AmpC) and carbapenem resistance genes, has gained relevance [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Beta-Lactam-Resistant Escherichia coli and Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile Strains in Wild Boars Foraging in an Anthropization Gradient

Darwich

Seminati

López‐Olvera

et al. 2021

Animals

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Disease transmission among wild boars, domestic animals and humans is a public health concern, especially in areas with high wild boar densities. In this study, fecal samples of wild boars (n = 200) from different locations of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona were analyzed by PCR to explore the frequency of β-lactamases and extended cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance genes (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli strains and the presence of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile. The prevalence of genes conferring resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials was 8.0% (16/200): blaCMY-2 (3.0%), blaTEM-1b (2.5%), blaCTX-M-14 (1.0%), blaSHV-28 (1.0%), blaCTX-M-15 (0.5%) and blaCMY-1 (0.5%). Clostridioides difficile TcdA+ was detected in two wild boars (1.0%), which is the first report of this pathogen in wild boars in Spain. Moreover, the wild boars foraging in urban and peri-urban locations were more exposed to AMRB sources than the wild boars dwelling in natural environments. In conclusion, the detection of E. coli carrying ESBL/AmpC genes and toxigenic C. difficile in wild boars foraging in urban areas reinforces the value of this game species as a sentinel of environmental AMRB sources. In addition, these wild boars can be a public and environmental health concern by disseminating AMRB and other zoonotic agents. Although this study provides the first hints of the potential anthropogenic sources of AMR, further efforts should be conducted to identify and control them.

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Evidence of antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance in a remote, isolated wild pig population

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Chloroperoxidase-Mediated Halogenation of Selected Pharmaceutical Micropollutants

Chloroperoxidase-Mediated Halogenation of Selected Pharmaceutical Micropollutants

Pathotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Tuscany

Detection of Beta-Lactam-Resistant Escherichia coli and Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile Strains in Wild Boars Foraging in an Anthropization Gradient

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