Evidence of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors in Environmental Isolates of Vibrio Species

Abstract

The outbreak of waterborne diseases such as cholera and non-cholera (vibriosis) is continuously increasing in the environment due to fecal and sewage discharge in water sources. Cholera and vibriosis are caused by different species of Vibrio genus which are responsible for acute diarrheal disease and soft tissue damage. Although incidences of cholera and vibriosis have been reported from the Vaishali district of Bihar, India, clinical or environmental strains have not been characterized in this region. Out of fifty environmental water samples, twelve different biochemical test results confirmed the presence of twenty Vibrio isolates. The isolates were found to belong to five different Vibrio species, namely V. proteolyticus, V. campbellii, V. nereis, V. cincinnatiensis, and V. harveyi. From the identified isolates, 65% and 45% isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin and cephalexin, respectively. Additionally, two isolates were found to be resistant against six and four separately selected antibiotics. Furthermore, virulent hlyA and ompW genes were detected by PCR in two different isolates. Additionally, phage induction was also noticed in two different isolates which carry lysogenic phage in their genome. Overall, the results reported the identification of five different Vibrio species in environmental water samples. The isolates showed multiple antibacterial resistance, phage induction, and virulence gene profile in their genome.

Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Aquaculture: Effect on Fish Pathogenic Bacteria

“…Additionally, significant increases in bacterial resistance to various antibiotics have been observed in fish farms attributed to the excessive use, incorrect prescription and/or over-prescription of antibiotics [3]. For instance, Pandey et al reported the resistance of Vibrio species (Vibrio proteolyticus, V. campbellii, V. nereis, V. cincinnatiensis, and V. harveyi) to antibiotics ampicillin and cephalexin [4]. Adah et al reported multiple antibiotic resistance index values between 0.20 and 0.80 from Aeromonas strains (Aeromonas caviae, A. veronii, A. hydrophila, A. dhakensis and A. enteropelogenes) isolated from Clarias gariepinus (40.9% isolated from diseased fish, Fishes 2024, 9, 99 2 of 19 and 25% from healthy fish) acquired from farms that intensively utilized antibiotics [5].…”