EVIDENCE OF AN<i>OXYSPIRURA PETROWI</i>EPIZOOTIC IN NORTHERN BOBWHITES (<i>COLINUS VIRGINIANUS</i>), TEXAS, USA

Dunham, Nicholas R.; Soliz, Liza A.; Fedynich, Alan M.; Rollins, Dale; Kendall, Ronald J.

doi:10.7589/2013-10-275

Cited by 50 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…have been reported from more than 80 avian species worldwide [1]. Oxyspirura petrowi has recently received increased attention because of high prevalences detected in declining native Galliformes populations in North America [2,3]. Oxyspirura petrowi has a broad host range and has been reported infecting birds in the order Passeriformes and Galliformes [2,4–6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative PCR Protocol for Detection of Oxyspirura petrowi in Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus)

et al. 2016

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Oxyspirura petrowi is a parasitic nematode that infects wild birds. This parasite has a broad host range, but has recently been reported in high prevalences from native Galliformes species in the United States. In order to better understand the impact O. petrowi has on wild bird populations, we developed a quantitative PCR protocol to detect infections in wild northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). We used paired fecal and cloacal swab samples from wild caught and experimentally infected northern bobwhites and matching fecal float data from experimentally infected birds to validate our assay. Overall we detected more positive birds from fecal samples than the paired cloacal swabs and there was strong agreement between the qPCR results from fecal samples and from fecal flotation (84%; κ = 0.69 [0.53–0.84 95% CI]). We also detected O. petrowi DNA in ten replicates of samples spiked with one O. petrowi egg. This qPCR assay is an effective assay to detect O. petrowi infections in wild birds. Our results suggest that fecal samples are the most appropriate sample for detecting infections; although, cloacal swabs can be useful for determining if O. petrowi is circulating in a population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative PCR Protocol for Detection of Oxyspirura petrowi in Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus)

et al. 2016

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“…Additional studies have also shown that increased parasite loads can correlate with the host population decline and reduced parasite loads throughout the populations correlate with an upward trend in the host population [20]. Eyeworm infection rates in northern bobwhites of the Rolling Plains region of Texas have been reported at greater than 90% in sampled birds and there is concern that the population of bobwhites is declining [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxyspirura petrowi has been receiving increased attention due to its potential role in negatively impacting gamebirds [4]. This parasite, known as the eyeworm, is a nematode that lives on the surface of and/or behind the eyeball in the lacrimal duct and its associated glands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parasitic Eyeworm Oxyspirura petrowi as a Possible Cause of Decline in the Threatened Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus)

et al. 2014

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Lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) have been declining range wide since the early 1900's despite efforts to establish conservation and improve their habitat. In early 2014, the lesser prairie-chicken was listed as a threatened species under the U.S Endangered Species Act and the need to find out why they are declining is more important than ever. Nine hunter shot lesser prairie-chickens were donated and sampled for the presence or absence of the eyeworm Oxyspirura petrowi, a known parasite that can cause damage to the eye of its host, and common environmental contaminants. Eyeworm infection was found in 7 of 9 birds (78% infection rate) with an infection range between 0–16 O. petrowi per bird. Breast, liver, and fat tissue samples from the lesser prairie-chickens were analyzed for the frequency of 20 organochlorine pesticides. Femurs and livers were also tested on these birds for metal contaminants. Pesticides were found in several samples above the detection limits but were still in the low ng/g range. Notable was the ubiquitous presence of endrin aldehyde across all tissues. One femur showed 5.66 µg/g of lead (Pb) but this is still relatively low. No liver samples had elevated mercury (Hg) above detection limits. The presence of these organochlorines is consistent with the historic use of pesticides in this region. With pesticide and metals found in such low levels and parasitic nematode infections at rather high levels, it is recommended that these parasites be further evaluated as a contributing factor to the decline of the lesser prairie-chicken.

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“…All There was no evidence of gross pathology in Northern Bobwhites, despite heavy infection of O. petrowi in the nasal-lacrimalorbital tissue accompanied by spot hemorrhaging and inflammation (Dunham et al 2014). This same report documented eyeworms attached to tissue, which suggests they were ingesting blood.…”

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confidence: 82%

“…Eyeworms were found in greater than 90% of bobwhites trapped on the ranch (Dunham et al 2014). Three Northern Mockingbirds and one Curve-billed Thrasher were captured using doublefunnel, welded wire, walk-in traps (91.4361.0320.3 cm) baited heavily with milo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence ofOxyspirura petrowiin Migratory Songbirds Found in the Rolling Plains of West Texas, USA

Dunham

Kendall

2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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EVIDENCE OF ANOXYSPIRURA PETROWIEPIZOOTIC IN NORTHERN BOBWHITES (COLINUS VIRGINIANUS), TEXAS, USA

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

A Quantitative PCR Protocol for Detection of Oxyspirura petrowi in Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus)

A Quantitative PCR Protocol for Detection of Oxyspirura petrowi in Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus)

The Parasitic Eyeworm Oxyspirura petrowi as a Possible Cause of Decline in the Threatened Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus)

Evidence ofOxyspirura petrowiin Migratory Songbirds Found in the Rolling Plains of West Texas, USA

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