Evidence of an additional centre of apple domestication in Iran, with contributions from the Caucasian crab apple <i>Malus orientalis</i> Uglitzk. to the cultivated apple gene pool

Bina, Hamid; Yousefzadeh, Hamed; Venon, Anthony; Rousselet, Agnès; Falque, Matthieu; Faramarzi, Shadab; Chen, Xilong; Samanchina, Jarkyn; Gill, David; Kabaeva, Akylai; Giraud, Tatiana; Hossainpour, Batool; Abdollahi, Hamid; Gabrielyan, Ivan; Nersesyan, Anush; Cornille, Amandine

doi:10.1111/mec.16667

Cited by 3 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Recently, the Caucasian crab apple has been shown to be an additional contributor to the cultivated apple genome (Bina et al, 2021). Here, we confirm that the European crabapple M. sylvestris has been a major secondary contributor to the diversity of apples.…”

Section: Major Contribution Of East Asian Wild Apples To the Cultivat...supporting

confidence: 82%

“…In addition to the European and Central Asian crab apples, there is much debate on the contribution of other wild species along the Silk Route to the genetic makeup of the cultivated apple genome. Recently, the Caucasian crab apple has been shown to be an additional contributor to the cultivated apple genome (Bina et al, 2021). Here, we confirm that the European crabapple M .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore still unclear whether cultivated Chinese dessert and rootstock apples originated from M. sieversii and/or M. baccata or/and M. hupehensis, or whether both originated from M. sieversii followed by recurrent wild-to-crop gene flow from M. baccata or/and M. hupehensis. Additionally, the genetic relationships among wild and cultivated European and Chinese apples have not yet been elucidated, and it is unclear whether substantial crop-to-wild gene flow occurred during apple domestication in China, as observed in Europe and the Caucasus (Bina et al, 2021;Cornille et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Population genetic approaches in combination with microsatellite markers have demonstrated that wild‐to‐crop gene flow has played a major role in the evolutionary history of cultivated apple in Europe (Cornille et al, 2012; Duan et al, 2017; Sun et al, 2020). However, while the history of dessert and cider apples is now well documented in the western part of Eurasia (Bina et al, 2021; Cornille et al, 2014; Migicovsky et al, 2021; Peace et al, 2019; Spengler, 2019), the domestication history of apples in the East remains unclear. In addition, the history of the apple rootstock that allowed the spread of apple across the world needs to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hupehensis . Additionally, the genetic relationships among wild and cultivated European and Chinese apples have not yet been elucidated, and it is unclear whether substantial crop‐to‐wild gene flow occurred during apple domestication in China, as observed in Europe and the Caucasus (Bina et al, 2021; Cornille et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The East Asian wild apples, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh and Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder., are additional contributors to the genomes of cultivated European and Chinese varieties

Chen

Cornille

et al. 2022

Molecular Ecology

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Domestication process in long-lived plant perennials differs dramatically from that of annuals, with a huge extent of genetic exchanges between crop and wild populations. Though apple is a major fruit crop grown worldwide, the contribution of wild apple species to the genetic makeup of the cultivated apple genome remains a topic of intense investigations. We used population genomics approaches to investigate the contributions of several wild apple species to European and Chinese rootstock and dessert genomes, with a focus on the extent of wildcrop gene flow. Population genetic structure inferences revealed that the East Asian wild apples, M. baccata (L.) Borkh and M. hupehensis (Pamp.), form a single panmictic group, and that the European dessert and rootstock apples form a specific gene pool whereas the Chinese dessert and rootstock apples were a mixture of three wild gene pools, suggesting different evolutionary histories of European and Chinese apple varieties. Coalescent-based inferences and gene flow estimates indicated that M. baccata-M. hupehensis contributed to the genome of both European and Chinese cultivated apples through wild-to-crop introgressions, and not as an initial contributor as previously supposed. We also confirmed the contribution through wildto-crop introgressions of M. sylvestris Mill. to the cultivated apple genome. Apple tree domestication is therefore one example in woody perennials that involved gene flow from several wild species from multiple geographic area. This study provides an overview of the complex protracted process of domestication in long-lived plant perennials, and is a starting point for apple breeding programs.

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Section: Major Contribution Of East Asian Wild Apples To the Cultivat...supporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The East Asian wild apples, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh and Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder., are additional contributors to the genomes of cultivated European and Chinese varieties

Chen

Cornille

et al. 2022

Molecular Ecology

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Human‐associated genetic landscape of walnuts in the Himalaya: implications for conservation and utilization

Yan,

Fan,

Wambulwa

et al. 2024

Diversity and Distributions

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AimsA comprehensive understanding of the genetic variation of walnuts (Juglans regia and J. sigillata) in the Himalaya and its potential drivers are essential for the conservation and sustainable utilization of these plant genetic resources. In this study, we aimed to uncover the genetic landscape of walnuts and potential drivers in the Himalaya for better utilization, awareness, sustainable management and conservation of the extant genetic resources of walnuts in the vast Himalayan landscape.LocationThe Himalaya biodiversity hotspot.MethodsA total of 1410 wild or feral walnut trees from 65 populations of J. regia and J. sigillata across four countries in the Himalaya were collected. The genetic diversity, population structure, hybridization and gene flow were thoroughly investigated based on the chloroplast genome and 31 nuclear microsatellite markers. The patterns and drivers of the walnut genetic landscape were further explored.ResultsWe detected three genetic groups of J. regia (JR1, JR2, JR3), one of J. sigillata (JS) and two hybrid types (JR1 × JS and JR3 × JS) of walnut in the Himalaya, with the western Himalaya identified as the genetic diversity hotspot of J. regia. The spatial genetic pattern of the J. regia was significantly influenced by geographic and climatic factors. Human‐mediated dispersal probably promoted the hybridization and gene introgression between J. regia and J. sigillata, which reshaped the genetic landscape of walnut populations in the Himalaya.Main ConclusionsThe extant genetic landscape of walnuts in the Himalaya was driven by natural and anthropogenic forces. Regarding conservation, the western and eastern Himalaya are the genetic reservoir of J. regia and J. sigillata, and hence, pure individuals should be urgently protected from frequent hybridization and introgression. In addition, we propose the utilization of natural hybrid resources coupled with new breeding techniques that combine genomic and phenotypic data.

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The potential range of west Asian apple species Malus orientalis Uglitzk. under climate change

Walas,

Alipour,

Haq

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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The wild relatives of cultivated apples would be an ideal source of diversity for breeding new varieties, which could potentially grow in diverse habitats shaped by climate change. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the potential distribution of these species. The aim of the presented work was the understand the impacts of climate change on the potential distribution and habitat fragmentation of Caucasian crab apple (Malus orientalis Uglitzk.) and the designation of areas of high interest according to climatic conditions. We used the MaxEnt models and Morphological-Spatial Analysis (MSPA) to evaluate the potential distribution, suitability changes, habitat fragmentation, and connectivity throughout the species range in Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Russia, and Iran. The results revealed that the potentially suitable range of M. orientalis encompasses 858,877 km², 635,279 km² and 456,795 km² under the present, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenario, respectively. The range fragmentation analysis demonstrated a notable shift in the edge/core ratio, which increased from 50.95% in the current scenario to even 67.70% in the future. The northern part of the range (Armenia, northern Georgia, southern Russia), as well as the central and western parts of Hyrcania will be a core of the species range with suitable habitats and a high connectivity between M. orientalis populations and could work as major refugia for the studied species. However, in the Zagros and central Turkey, the potential range will shrink due to the lack of suitable climatic conditions, and the edge/core ratio will grow. In the southern part of the range, a decline of M. orientalis habitats is expected due to changing climatic conditions. The future outlook suggests that the Hyrcanian forest and the Caucasus region could serve as important refuges for M. orientalis. This study helps to understand spatial changes in species’ range in response to climate change and can help develop conservation strategies. This is all the more important given the species’ potential use in future breeding programs aimed at enriching the gene pool of cultivated apple varieties.

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Evidence of an additional centre of apple domestication in Iran, with contributions from the Caucasian crab apple Malus orientalis Uglitzk. to the cultivated apple gene pool

Cited by 3 publications

References 151 publications

The East Asian wild apples, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh and Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder., are additional contributors to the genomes of cultivated European and Chinese varieties

The East Asian wild apples, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh and Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder., are additional contributors to the genomes of cultivated European and Chinese varieties

Human‐associated genetic landscape of walnuts in the Himalaya: implications for conservation and utilization

The potential range of west Asian apple species Malus orientalis Uglitzk. under climate change

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