Evidence of a single-wall platinum nanotube

Oshima, Yoshifumi; Koizumi, Hiroaki; Mouri, K.; Hirayama, Hiroyuki; Takayanagi, Kunio; Kondo, Yukihito

doi:10.1103/physrevb.65.121401

Cited by 127 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…During this process a one-dimensional bridge appears, which then elongates, narrows and breaks. Experimentally such bridges were formed for Au, 32 Pt, 33 and Ir. 34 With respect to the bulk materials these free-standing nanowires are of course unstable, but when some "magic geometries" are reached, wires with lengths of about 15 nm and long lifetimes were reported.…”

Section: A Gold Nanowire Au(60)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible realization could be an Fe wire in a Au tube. Repeating the procedure known for growing Au tubes and wires, 33 but starting from FeAu alloys or an artificial FeAu layered superstructure, during the formation of the wire Au will segregate to the surface of the wire to lower the surface free energy which ultimately results in a Au covered Fe wire. To look into this problem in more details, we perform ab initio spin-polarized electronic structure calculations for the Fe@Au͑6,0͒ hybrid structure.…”

Section: B Hybrid Structure Fe@au(60)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method for one-dimensional systems: Gold nanowire and iron monowires in a gold tube

2005

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We present an implementation of the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave ͑FLAPW͒ method for carrying out ab initio calculations of the ground state electronic properties of ͑magnetic͒ metallic nanowires and nanotubes based on the density-functional theory ͑DFT͒. The method is truly one-dimensional, uses explicitly a wire geometry and is realized as an extension of the FLEUR code. It includes a wide variety of chiral symmetries known for tubular and other one-dimensional systems. A comparative study shows that in this geometry computations are considerably faster than the widely used supercell approach. The method was applied to some typical model structures explored in the field of nanospintronics: the gold nanowire Au͑6,0͒, the free-standing Fe monowire, and the hybrid structure Fe@Au͑6,0͒. Their atomic structures are determined by total energy minimization and force calculations. We calculated the magnetic properties including the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies, the band structures, and densities of states in these systems using the local density approximation ͑LDA͒ and the generalized gradient approximation ͑GGA͒ to the DFT. The results agree nicely with the data available in the literature. We found that Fe wires are ferromagnetic and are prone to a Peierls dimerization. The Fe filled gold nanotube shows a large negative spin polarization at the Fermi level, which makes this structure a possible candidate for spin-dependent transport applications in the field of spintronics. The Au tube encasing the Fe wire changes the magnetization direction of the Fe wire and increases the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy by an order of magnitude.

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Section: A Gold Nanowire Au(60)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Hybrid Structure Fe@au(60)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method for one-dimensional systems: Gold nanowire and iron monowires in a gold tube

2005

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“…For slightly larger diameters further unusual arrangements referred to as 'weird wires' were predicted [5] and later observed in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [6,7,8]. The observed structures for Au have a helical arrangement in the form of concentric shells of atoms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atomic-Size Oscillations in Conductance Histograms for Gold Nanowires and the Influence of Work Hardening

et al. 2005

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Nanowires of different nature have been shown to self-assemble as a function of stress at the contact between two macroscopic metallic leads. Here we demonstrate for Au wires that the balance between various metastable nanowire configurations is influenced by the microstructure of the starting materials and we discover a new set of periodic structures, which we interpret as due to the atomic discreteness of the contact size for the three principal crystal orientations.PACS numbers: 73.40. Jn, 61.46.+w, 68.65.La Metallic nanowires have shown rich properties in terms of self-organization phenomena that are controlled by a combination of the quantum nature of the conduction electrons and the atomic-scale surface energy (see review [1] and references therein). Here we report yet another surprising series of stable structures.At the very smallest scale the metals Au, Pt and Ir, spontaneously form into chains of atoms [2,3,4]. For slightly larger diameters further unusual arrangements referred to as 'weird wires' were predicted [5] and later observed in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [6,7,8]. The observed structures for Au have a helical arrangement in the form of concentric shells of atoms.In contrast to these atomic-packing driven structures, electronic shell filling has been shown to lead to an independent series of stable nanowire (NW) diameters for the free-electron-like alkali metals [9,10], and the noble metals [11,12,13]. These NWs were not imaged as in TEM, but their stability was inferred from frequently occurring stable conductance values during gentle breaking of the contacts (see below). The series of stable values has a characteristic period when plotted as a function of the square root of the conductance, √ G, which is a measure of the radius of the wires.Finally, regular bulk-packing of NWs has also been observed, where the surface energy is the driving force, leading to completing of flat facets of the wires. Such effects have been observed in TEM [14,15,16] as remarkably long and stable wires, mostly for Au along the [110] direction. This atomic shell filling series has also been observed in the conductance [17], again as a regular period in √ G. Exactly which of these types of NWs self-assembles appears to depend critically on the experimental conditions, which is not fully understood. We anticipate that the selection of local minima in the free energy is influenced by the dynamics of the wire formation and the boundary conditions imposed by the structure of the leads. Here, we present evidence that the microstructure of the starting material, whether work hardened or annealed, influences the appearance of a new series of stable NWs that are periodic in the conductance, G, as opposed to √ G for the NWs observed previously.Gold is the archetypal metal when investigating quantum transport phenomena in atomic-sized contacts [1]. The initial interest into these systems was in quantization of the conductance, in conjunction with the atomic discreteness of the contacts. The expe...

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“…Preliminary experimental evidence for such helicity has been obtained in Au nanowires [30] and Pt nanotubes. [29] While there are a few reports of single ultrathin metallic wires and tubes suspended between electrodes in ultrahigh vacuum conditions, [29,30] there is the necessity to access such structures in a much less demanding way. It is possible that solution-phase syntheses will soon allow obtention of that size regime, where new structures emerge.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stability of the outer surface determines the stability and properties of the entire structure; this explains the theoretical findings that surface vacancies on such wires would migrate to the core, [25] that melting would first occur in the core, [28] or that the core might be entirely missing, leading to a tube architecture. [29] The outer surface of the wires is predicted to show, in certain ranges of diameter, a helical twist, which would give an unprecedented chirality to the nanowires, [17] similarly to CNTs. Preliminary experimental evidence for such helicity has been obtained in Au nanowires [30] and Pt nanotubes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrathin Nanowires—A Materials Chemistry Perspective

2009

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The recent years have seen an explosive interest in one‐dimensional nanostructures1, as testified by the number of citations this field has accrued; as customary, its blossoming was enabled by chemical breakthroughs that allowed the reproducible and affordable synthesis of such structures.2, 3 The limitations of those syntheses was in the diameter of the nanowires that it could produce (hardly < 10 nm), and in the use of expensive and low‐yield techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This paper attempts to summarize the very recent chemical breakthroughs that have allowed the production of ultrathin nanowires, often in solution, and often in gram‐scale quantities. By no means is this a comprehensive coverage of the field, which can in part be found in other excellent reviews1, 2, 4–6 but a selection of those contributions that we feel would most help put this emerging field in perspective. We will review the various synthetic strategies, their pros and cons, and we will give our best guesses as to the future directions of the field and what we can expect from it.

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Evidence of a single-wall platinum nanotube

Cited by 127 publications

References 23 publications

Full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method for one-dimensional systems: Gold nanowire and iron monowires in a gold tube

Full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method for one-dimensional systems: Gold nanowire and iron monowires in a gold tube

Atomic-Size Oscillations in Conductance Histograms for Gold Nanowires and the Influence of Work Hardening

Ultrathin Nanowires—A Materials Chemistry Perspective

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