Evidence of a novel immune responsive protein in the Hymenoptera

Albert, Štefan; Gätschenberger, Heike; Azzami, Klara; Gimple, Olaf; Grimmer, Gudrun; Sumner, Seirian; Fujiyuki, Tomoko; Tautz, Jürgen; Mueller, Martin J.

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.09.006

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…The same held true in the comparisons of nurses and the two manipulated groups, vg knockdown and methoprene treated bees. This protein has been thought to be specific for social insects [20] and our results indicate that it may play an important role in the forager phenotype. Xenobiotic metabolism is important in the detoxification of environmental pollutants, such as different pesticides and herbicides that a bee may encounter on foraging trips, or by the consummation of nectar and pollen [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The clustering analysis revealed that both foragers and nurses invest in xenobiotic metabolism and stress response, whereas winter bees seem to up-regulate antimicrobial humoral responses (figure 4, table S1–S3). In the comparisons with a cut-off of q = 10%, foragers had a very high expression level of the novel [20] immune responsive protein IRP30 ( Hypothetical LOC408807 ) in comparison to both nurses and the winter bee pools. The same held true in the comparisons of nurses and the two manipulated groups, vg knockdown and methoprene treated bees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Somatic Maintenance Resources in the Honeybee Worker Fat Body Are Distributed to Withstand the Most Life-Threatening Challenges at Each Life Stage

et al. 2013

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In a global transcriptome analysis of three natural and three manipulated honeybee worker phenotypes at different ages, we have investigated the distribution of investment in somatic maintenance of the fat body. Gene expression is modulated so that the bees are able to resist the most life-threatening challenges at the actual life stage. Different modes of maintenance and repair are regulated, apparently to meet the environmental challenges most detrimental to survival and reproductive potential for the hive. We observed a broad down-regulation of genomic and cellular maintenance in the short-lived foragers and nurse bees compared to the long-lived winter bees. Our results show that survival and reproduction of the entire hive is given priority over the individual bees, hence supporting the idea of the honeybee society as a superorganism. Our results also fit the disposable soma theory of aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Maintenance Resources in the Honeybee Worker Fat Body Are Distributed to Withstand the Most Life-Threatening Challenges at Each Life Stage

et al. 2013

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“…Furthermore, three large immune-responsive proteins were up-regulated upon injection with bacteria and, occasionally, with buffer. The three proteins were identified previously as peptidoglycan recognition protein-S2 (PGRP-S2), a member of the carboxylesterase family (CE-1), and a novel leucine-rich repeat protein termed IRp30 [1, 41]. None of the small antimicrobial peptides or large immune-responsive proteins was induced in adult bees after challenge with 10 3 ABPV particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of honey bees with acute bee paralysis virus does not trigger humoral or cellular immune responses

Azzami

Ritter²,

Tautz

et al. 2012

Arch Virol

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We have studied the responses of honey bees at different life stages (Apis mellifera) to controlled infection with acute bee paralysis virus and have identified the haemolymph of infected larvae and adult worker bees as the compartment where massive propagation of ABPV occurs. Insects respond with a broad spectrum of induced innate immune reactions to bacterial infections, whereas defence mechanisms based on RNA interference play a major role in antiviral immunity. In this study, we have determined that honey bee larvae and adult workers do not produce a humoral immune reaction upon artificial infection with ABPV, in contrast to control individuals challenged with Escherichia coli. ABPV-infected bees produced neither elevated levels of specific antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as hymenoptaecin and defensin, nor any general antimicrobial activity, as revealed by inhibition-zone assays. Additionally, adult bees did not generate melanised nodules upon ABPV infection, an important cellular immune function activated by bacteria and viruses in some insects. Challenge of bees with both ABPV and E. coli showed that innate humoral and cellular immune reactions are induced in mixed infections, albeit at a reduced level.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00705-012-1223-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…However, detailed studies of the expression of IRp30 in adult worker bees have revealed that it is simultaneously upregulated with a specific member of the carboxylesterase family (see below) upon treatment with E. coli and other elicitors. Interestingly, IRp30 belongs to a protein family distributed exclusively among social Hymenoptera (Albert et al, 2011). For the remaining IRps, putative annotations are available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honey bee drones maintain humoral immune competence throughout all life stages in the absence of vitellogenin production

Gätschenberger

Gimple

Tautz

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYDrones are haploid male individuals whose major social function in honey bee colonies is to produce sperm and mate with a queen. In spite of their limited tasks, the vitality of drones is of utmost importance for the next generation. The immune competence of drones -as compared to worker bees -is largely unexplored. Hence, we studied humoral and cellular immune reactions of in vitro reared drone larvae and adult drones of different age upon artificial bacterial infection. Haemolymph samples were collected after aseptic and septic injury and subsequently employed for (1) the identification of immune-responsive peptides and/or proteins by qualitative proteomic analyses in combination with mass spectrometry and (2) the detection of antimicrobial activity by inhibition-zone assays. Drone larvae and adult drones responded with a strong humoral immune reaction upon bacterial challenge, as validated by the expression of small antimicrobial peptides. Young adult drones exhibited a broader spectrum of defence reactions than drone larvae. Distinct polypeptides including peptidoglycan recognition protein-S2 and lysozyme 2 were upregulated in immunized adult drones. Moreover, a pronounced nodulation reaction was observed in young drones upon bacterial challenge. Prophenoloxidase zymogen is present at an almost constant level in non-infected adult drones throughout the entire lifespan. All observed immune reactions in drones were expressed in the absence of significant amounts of vitellogenin. We conclude that drones -like worker bees -have the potential to activate multiple elements of the innate immune response. Supplementary material available online at

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Evidence of a novel immune responsive protein in the Hymenoptera

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

Somatic Maintenance Resources in the Honeybee Worker Fat Body Are Distributed to Withstand the Most Life-Threatening Challenges at Each Life Stage

Somatic Maintenance Resources in the Honeybee Worker Fat Body Are Distributed to Withstand the Most Life-Threatening Challenges at Each Life Stage

Infection of honey bees with acute bee paralysis virus does not trigger humoral or cellular immune responses

Honey bee drones maintain humoral immune competence throughout all life stages in the absence of vitellogenin production

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