Evidence of a Neuromuscular Block in Tick Paralysis

Rose, Ian; Gregson, J. D.

doi:10.1038/178095a0

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…These salivary glands are also capable of producing toxins that cause paralysis. Experimentally these toxins had been purified and even used for development of anti-toxins [ 8 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra-aural tick bite causing unilateral facial nerve palsy in 29 cases over 16 years in Kandy, Sri Lanka: is rickettsial aetiology possible?

et al. 2018

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BackgroundOver the last two decades intra-aural tick infestation (otoacariasis) has been a common occurrence in the hilly central region in Sri Lanka. Very occasional detection of isolated unilateral facial nerve palsy associated with otoacariasis attributed to toxin damage of the nerve prompted us to study the clinico-epidemiology and aetio-pathology of the problem.MethodsAll cases having isolated unilateral facial nerve palsy associated with otoacariasis presented to, Ear Nose and Throat clinic at General Hospital Kandy, Sri Lanka from 2001 to 2016 were included in the study. The facial palsies were assessed with nerve conduction studies and, harvested ticks were identified.ResultsThere were 29 patients with mean age of 46 years (range 22–76 years) with male to female ratio of 1:1.9. First 12 patients without specific treatment took 1–55 months for recovery and 4 had axonal degeneration. Last 5 patients were treated with doxycycline and recovered in 4 weeks. They had strong sero-conversion of immunofluorescence antibodies against spotted fever rickettsioses and the tick harvested from the last patient was PCR positive for rickettsial DNA. Identified ticks belonged to Dermacentor, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma species.ConclusionsOn contrary to popular toxin theory, we were able to demonstrate treatable rickettsial aetio-pathology as the cause of otoacariasis associated lower motor facial palsy in Sri Lanka.

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“…These salivary glands are also capable of producing toxins that cause paralysis. Experimentally these toxins had been purified and even used for development of anti-toxins [ 8 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal experiments using dogs, lamb and woodchucks in early days had suggested blockade at neuromuscular junction in tick paralysis [ 29 , 30 ]. Further experiments suggested failure of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction as the pathology in tick paralysis [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-aural tick bite causing unilateral facial nerve palsy in 29 cases over 16 years in Kandy, Sri Lanka: is rickettsial aetiology possible?

et al. 2018

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“…Previous workers have shown failure of neuromuscular transmission during severe paralysis (4), and this failure has been shown to be due to a defi? ciency in the release of transmitter substance (5-7).…”

Section: Paralysis Caused By Ticks Commonly Dermacentor Andersoni Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of Muscle Stretch Reflexes in Tick Paralysis

Esplin

Philip²,

Hughes³

1960

Science

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Experiments with tick-paralyzed dogs and woodchucks have shown impairment of stretch reflexes in addition to partial paralysis at the neuromuscular junction. Stretch reflexes disappear very early during paralysis, whereas nociceptive reflexes do not appear to be directly affected. The early incoordination and the ascending nature of the paralysis may be related to impairment of stretch reflex pathways.

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increase in blood pressure with a decrease in cardiac output (Cooper et ai, 1976) but D. <wßfe/sow-paralyzed dogs have normal blood pressure (Murnaghan, 1958). This syndrome appears to be due to presynaptic effects at neuromuscular junctions caused by a disturbance in conduction in nerve fibres and from failure in the liberation, but not in the synthesis, of acetylcholine (Murnaghan, 1955(Murnaghan, , 1958(Murnaghan, , 1960Rose and Gregson, 1956). holocyclus and the animal may subsequently die (Gregson, 1973;Doube and Kemp, 1975).

Most reports of the physiology and pharmacology of tick paralysis have been based on studies of animals paralyzed by D. andersoni.

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confidence: 99%

“…This syndrome appears to be due to presynaptic effects at neuromuscular junctions caused by a disturbance in conduction in nerve fibres and from failure in the liberation, but not in the synthesis, of acetylcholine (Murnaghan, 1955(Murnaghan, , 1958(Murnaghan, , 1960Rose and Gregson, 1956). This syndrome appears to be due to presynaptic effects at neuromuscular junctions caused by a disturbance in conduction in nerve fibres and from failure in the liberation, but not in the synthesis, of acetylcholine (Murnaghan, 1955(Murnaghan, , 1958(Murnaghan, , 1960Rose and Gregson, 1956).…”

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confidence: 99%