Evidence linking the role of periodontal viruses in coronary artery disease with and without periodontitis

Abstract

Background Viruses are considered to be a newer family associated with inflammatory diseases. Yet the role of periodontal viruses in coronary artery diseases (CAD) remains unclear. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the prevalence of periodontal viruses and compare the same in cardiac samples of CAD patients with and without periodontitis. Methods A total of 60 patients with CAD indicated for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) were included. These were grouped into 36 patients with healthy periodontium (CAD only) and 24 patients with periodontitis (CAD + P). The demographic variables, cardiac parameters and periodontal parameters were recorded. Cardiac tissue samples were collected during the CABG surgery and were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for periodontal viruses such as Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes simplex virus. All the parameters were statistically analyzed. Results Among the demographic variables, age was statistically significant between the groups. Plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were significantly higher in CAD+P group (P ˂0.05). Periodontal viruses such as EBV and CMV were significantly higher (62.5% and 75% respectively, P ˂0.05) in the cardiac samples of the CAD+P than CAD only (25% and 47.2%, respectively). A significant association between EBV and CAL was revealed by multiple logistic regression analysis. (B = 0.374, P = 0.046) Conclusions The results revealed a higher prevalence of periodontal viruses such as EBV and CMV in CAD patients with periodontitis suggesting it as one of the risk factors for CAD. This is supported by the fact that severity of periodontal disease (CAL) is associated with the presence of EBV in coronary artery plaque samples in the current study.

Viruses, periodontitis, and comorbidities

“…The prevalence of cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and torque teno virus in atheromatous plaque was 63.3%, 56.7%, and 46.7%, respectively, compared with rates of 80%, 63.3%, and 53.3% in subgingival plaque. Ilango et al 136 compared patients presenting coronary artery diseases with periodontitis (n = 24) and with a healthy periodontium (n = 36) regarding the presence of Epstein‐Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus in their cardiac tissues, collected during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Epstein‐Barr virus and cytomegalovirus detection was significantly higher (62.5% and 75%, respectively) in the cardiac samples of the coronary artery diseases‐periodontitis group than coronary artery diseases only (25% and 47.2%, respectively).…”

La periodontitis y su relación con las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Promoción de la salud cardiovascular desde el consultorio dental

“…La periodontitis es un trastorno inmunoinflamatorio de etiología microbiana, que incluye los microorganismos del complejo rojo: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia y Treponema denticola. La periodontitis facilita la entrada de bacterias en el torrente sanguíneo 6 . Las bacterias activan la respuesta inflamatoria del huésped mediante múltiples mecanismos, y esta favorece la formación, maduración y exacerbación del ateroma 6 .…”

“…La periodontitis facilita la entrada de bacterias en el torrente sanguíneo 6 . Las bacterias activan la respuesta inflamatoria del huésped mediante múltiples mecanismos, y esta favorece la formación, maduración y exacerbación del ateroma 6 .…”

“…La periodontitis forma parte de las enfermedades periodontales, incluida la gingivitis, y se define como una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica multifactorial que se puede desarrollar debido a cambios hormonales, infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, enfermedades del tejido conectivo, efectos secundarios de medicamentos, enfermedades metabólicas endocrinas, entre otras, y su principal causa es el biofilm de placa bacteriana disbiótica. Se caracteriza por la destrucción progresiva del aparato de sostén del diente y una inflamación desde la unidad dentogingival (fibras gingivales, esmalte y epitelio de unión) hacia la unidad dentoalveolar (ligamento periodontal, hueso alveolar y cemento radicular) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .…”

“…Periodontal disease, a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Este estudio resume los posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos que vinculan la patología periodontal y cardiovascular, y cita la evidencia clínica para la periodontitis y formas específicas de enfermedad cardiovascular Ilango, et al 6…”