Evidence from phytoplankton associations for causes of black shale formation in epicontinental seas

Prauss, Michael L.; Riegel, Walter

doi:10.1127/njgpm/1989/1989/671

Cited by 56 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Nannoceratopsis ambonis is rare, and is only present in sample PZ8 (Table 1) (Table 1). This dominance of prasinophytes, largely in the absence of dinoflagellate cysts, is typical of the T-OAE of northern and southern Europe (Wille, 1982a,b;Loh et al, 1986;Prauss and Riegel 1989;Prauss et al, 1991;Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 1999b;Bucefalo Palliani et al, 2002). Pteridophyte spores,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The palynology of the lower and middle Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) in the northern Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal

Correia

Riding

Fernandes

et al. 2017

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The palynology of the lower and middle Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) in the northern Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal

Correia

Riding

Fernandes

et al. 2017

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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“…Prasinophytes are known to appear in a wide range of environments, from marine to brackish, being most frequent in nearshore marine and anaerobic environments (e.g., Tappan 1980;Batten 1996). According to Prauss & Riegel (1989), prasinophycean algae might have favoured cold-water environments. Smelror et al (2001) suggested that the algal bloom was possibly induced by the large amounts of nutrients released into the water column.…”

Section: Changes In Palynological Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoenvironments and palaeoceanography changes across the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in the Arctic realm: case study of the Nordvik section (north Siberia, Russia)

Захаров¹,

Rogov

Dzyuba³

et al. 2014

Polar Research

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The Jurassic/Cretaceous transition was accompanied by significant changes in palaeoceanography and palaeoenvironments in the Tethyan Realm, but outside the Tethys such data are very scarce. Here we present results of a study of the most complete section in the Panboreal Superrealm, the Nordvik section. Belemnite d 18 O data show an irregular decrease from values reaching up to '1.6 in the Middle Oxfordian and from '0.8 to (1.7 in the basal Ryazanian, indicating a prolonged warming. The biodiversity changes were strongly related to sea-level oscillations, showing a relatively low belemnite and high ammonite diversity during sea-level rise, accompanied by a decrease of the macrobenthos taxonomical richness. The most prominent sea-level rise is marked by the occurrence of open sea ammonites with Pacific affinities. Peak abundances of spores and prasinophytes correlate with a negative excursion in organic carbon d 13 C near the J/K boundary and could reflect blooms of green algae caused by disturbance of the marine ecosystem.

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“…Toarcian black shales in Germany contain a diverse suite of prasinophyte phycomata that bears similarities to assemblages from the Hettangian. The most abundant genera include Tasmanites, Cymatiosphaera, Pleurozonaria, Campenia , Tytthodiscus, Granodiscus and Pterosphaeridia (Prauss and Riegel, ; Prauss et al . ; Fig.…”

Section: Green Oceans and Black Shalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…() that co‐occur together with glendonites in sediments underlying a spectacular erosional unconformity is possibly only the tip of the proverbial iceberg. In such a scenario, first proposed by Prauss and Riegel (), the Toarcian OAE would be the result of rapid flooding of previously well‐oxygenated basins with low‐salinity surface waters, triggering intense stratification (McArthur et al . ).…”

Section: Black Shales and Mass Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbes, mud and methane: cause and consequence of recurrent Early Jurassic anoxia following the end‐Triassic mass extinction

et al. 2013

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The end-Triassic mass extinction (c. 201.6 Ma) was one of the five largest mass-extinction events in the history of animal life. It was also associated with a dramatic, long-lasting change in sedimentation style along the margins of the Tethys Ocean, from generally organic-matter-poor sediments during the Triassic to generally organic-matterrich black shales during the Jurassic. New core material from Germany provides biomarker evidence of persistent photiczone euxinia during the Hettangian, the onset of which is associated with a series of both negative and positive carbon isotope excursions. Combined inorganic and organic geochemical and micropalaeontological analyses reveal strong similarities between the Hettangian and the better-known Toarcian anoxic event. These events appear to be the most clearly expressed events within a series of anoxic episodes that also include poorly studied black shale intervals during the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian. Both the Hettangian and Toarcian events are marked by important changes in phytoplankton assemblages from chromophyte-to chlorophytedominated assemblages within the European Epicontinental Seaway. Phytoplankton changes occurred in association with the establishment of photic-zone euxinia, driven by a general increase in salinity stratification and warming of surface waters. For both events, the causes of large negative carbon isotope excursions remain incompletely understood; evidence exists for both variation in the d 13 C of atmospheric CO 2 and variation in the sources of organic carbon. Regardless of the causes of d 13 C variability, long-term ocean anoxia during the Early Jurassic can be attributed to greenhouse warming and increased nutrient delivery to the oceans triggered by flood basalt volcanism.

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Evidence from phytoplankton associations for causes of black shale formation in epicontinental seas

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

The palynology of the lower and middle Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) in the northern Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal

The palynology of the lower and middle Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) in the northern Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal

Palaeoenvironments and palaeoceanography changes across the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in the Arctic realm: case study of the Nordvik section (north Siberia, Russia)

Microbes, mud and methane: cause and consequence of recurrent Early Jurassic anoxia following the end‐Triassic mass extinction

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