Evidence from Molecular Markers and Population Genetic Analyses Suggests Recent Invasions of the Western North Pacific Region by Biotypes B and Q of <I>Bemisia tabaci</I> (Gennadius)

Abstract

Invasive events by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotypes in various parts of the world are of continuing interest. The most famous is biotype B that has caused great economic losses globally. In addition, biotype Q has also recently been reported to be a new invasive pest. These two biotypes have been monitored for some time in the Western North Pacific region, but the invasive events and population genetic structures of these two biotypes are still not clear in this region. In this study, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was used to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree for identifying biotypes B and Q and to study the relationships between invasive events and ornamental plants. Population genetic analyses of mtCOI sequences were also used to study the genetic relationships within and between populations. A combination of a phylogenetic tree and haplotype analysis suggested the recent invasion of biotype Q in this region is related to the international ornamental trade from the Mediterranean region. Low levels of haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity indicate that the presence of biotypes B and Q in the Western North Pacific region are caused by multiple invasions. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance supports the hypothesis of multiple invasions. In addition, high sequence identities and low genetic distances within and between populations of the two biotypes revealed that these invasive events occurred recently. The low levels of genetic differentiation revealed by pairwise F (ST) values between populations also suggests the invasions were recent. Therefore, results of this study suggested that biotypes B and Q entered this region through multiple recent invasions. A quarantine of agricultural crops may be necessary to prevent further invasions.

Distribution and molecular characterization of distinct Asian populations of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Japan

“…Populations of the Nauru biotype are considered to be native to Asia (Hsieh et al. 2006, 2007), and belong to the Asia II genetic group (Boykin et al.…”

“…2005), Korea (Lee et al. 2005), Taiwan (Hsieh et al. 2007), and Japan (Ueda and Brown 2006) in East Asia.…”

Effects of host, temperature and relative humidity on competitive displacement of two invasive Bemisia tabaci biotypes [Q and B]

“…The B biotype of B. tabaci was introduced into China during the mid‐1990s and since then has spread into most provinces of China (Qiu et al ., 2007). In contrast, the Q biotype was first discovered in Kunming of Yunnan Province, China in 2003 (Chu et al ., 2005), and since then it has been identified in many provinces in China (Ahmed et al ., 2009; Chu et al ., 2006, 2007, 2008; Hsieh et al ., 2007; Xu et al ., 2006). Beginning in 2005 and to the present, the B. tabaci biotype composition in Shandong Province of China underwent a notable shift, when the B biotype was displaced by the Q biotype, with the Q having become the predominant biotype at the present (Chu et al ., 2010a, b).…”

Influence of Plant Combinations on Population Characteristics of <I>Bemisia tabaci</I> Biotypes B and Q

“…Biotype B of B. tabaci was Þrst detected in southern China during the mid 1990s and then spread to most provinces (Chu et al 2006, Qiu et al 2007), while biotype Q was Þrst found in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China in 2003 (Chu et al 2006), and is now widely distributed across mainland China and Taiwan (Chu et al 2007Xu et al 2006;Hsieh et al 2007). Within the last few years, biotype B has been displaced by biotype Q in many locations (Chu et al 2010a(Chu et al , 2010bTeng et al 2010).…”