Evidence for Viral Interference and Cross-reactive Protective Immunity Between Influenza B Virus Lineages

Laurie, Karen; Horman, William S J; Carolan, Louise; Chan, Kok Fei; Layton, Daniel S.; Bean, Andrew G. D.; Vijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran; Reading, Patrick C.; McCaw, James M.; Barr, Ian G.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jix509

Cited by 55 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Single cell suspensions were prepared from ferret retropharyngeal lymph nodes [31]. A total of 5 × 10 4 lymph node cells were cultured with or without live influenza virus, hRSV, or 5 µg/mL concanavalin A (Sigma) for 48 hours at 37 o C in 5% CO 2 [11].…”

Section: Virospot (Vs) Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Viral Interference Between Influenza A Virus and Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a Ferret Model of Infection

Chan

Carolan

Korenkov

et al. 2018

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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140

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Epidemiological studies have observed that the seasonal peak incidence of influenza virus infection is sometimes separate from the peak incidence of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection, with the peak incidence of hRSV infection delayed. This is proposed to be due to viral interference, whereby infection with one virus prevents or delays infection with a different virus. We investigated viral interference between hRSV and 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) in the ferret model. Infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 prevented subsequent infection with hRSV. Infection with hRSV reduced morbidity attributed to infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 but not infection, even when an increased inoculum dose of hRSV was used. Notably, infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 induced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and immune mediators in the ferret than hRSV. Minimal cross-reactive serological responses or interferon γ-expressing cells were induced by either virus ≥14 days after infection. These data indicate that antigen-independent mechanisms may drive viral interference between unrelated respiratory viruses that can limit subsequent infection or disease.

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Section: Virospot (Vs) Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Viral Interference Between Influenza A Virus and Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a Ferret Model of Infection

Chan

Carolan

Korenkov

et al. 2018

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Self Cite

140

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“…Aside from IAV, there are two further human influenza virus types, influenza B virus (IBV) and influenza C virus (ICV) . Similar to IAV, influenza B viruses have eight genome segments including genes encoding HA and NA glycoproteins which, however, have evolved only two distinguishable HA lineages so far . Like IAV, IBV is regularly involved in seasonal influenza outbreaks in humans but until to date, only three cases of florid IBV infections have been detected .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15] Similar to IAV, influenza B viruses have eight genome segments including genes encoding HA and NA glycoproteins which, however, have evolved only two distinguishable HA lineages so far. [16][17][18] Like IAV, IBV is regularly involved in seasonal influenza outbreaks in humans but until to date, only three cases of florid IBV infections have been detected. 14,19 In Europe, serological studies from the 1960s showed the sporadic presence of antibodies against IBV in domestic pigs in Hungary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A newly developed tetraplex real‐time RT‐PCR for simultaneous screening of influenza virus types A, B, C and D

Henritzi

Hoffmann

Wacheck

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundHuman‐ or avian‐to‐swine transmissions have founded several autonomously circulating influenza A virus (IAV) lineages in swine populations that cause economically important respiratory disease. Little is known on other human influenza virus types, like B (IBV) and C (ICV) in European swine, and of the recently detected novel animal influenza virus type D (IDV).ObjectivesDevelopment of a cost‐effective diagnostic tool for large‐scale surveillance programmes targeting all four influenza virus types.MethodsAn influenza ABCD tetraplex real‐time RT‐PCR (RT‐qPCR) was developed in the frame of this study. A selection of reference virus strains and more than 4000 porcine samples from a passive IAV surveillance programme in European swine with acute respiratory disease were examined.ResultsTwo IBV, a single IDV but no ICV infections were identified by tetraplex RT‐qPCR. IBV and IDV results were confirmed by conventional RT‐PCR and partial sequence analysis.ConclusionsThe tetraplex RT‐qPCR proved fit for purpose as a sensitive, specific and high‐throughput tool to study influenza virus transmission at the human‐animal interface. Complementing close‐meshed active virological and serological surveillance is required to better understand the true incidence and prevalence of influenza virus type B, C and D infections in swine.

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“…The effects of prior infection on host susceptibility to re‐infection, that is viral interference, have also been studied in ferrets . Ferrets sequentially challenged with B/Victoria and B/Yamagata viruses display decreased virus shedding, which correlated with the induction of high frequencies of cross‐reactive IFN‐ γ ‐expressing T‐cell responses between initial infection and heterologous challenge . Infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 was also shown to prevent HRSV infections in ferrets, though no IFN‐ γ responses or cross‐reactive serological responses were observed, suggesting different underlying mechanisms driving viral interference between unrelated viruses …”

Section: Ferrets As An Immunological Model For Studying Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease

Wong

Layton

Wheatley

et al. 2019

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2019;13:535-546. | 535 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/irv 1 | INTRODUC TI ON Animal models have proved critical in developing concepts of immunity to infection. Non-human primates (NHP) are a highly humanrelevant disease model for infectious agents due to high genetic conservation between humans and NHP. 1-3 However, significant cost and ethical issues often necessitate the use of smaller animal models for both basic and translational research. Mice (Mus musculus) are a favoured small animal model due to widespread availability, incisive transgenic models, comprehensive genomic information 4 and readily available reagents. However, for many viruses, alternative animal models better recapitulate human physiology and disease. Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) have been employed to study the pathogenesis of a variety of human pathogens, including human and avian influenzas, coronaviruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), 5-14 human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), 15-20 human metapneumovirus (HMPV), 21 Ebola virus 22-28 and henipavirus (Nipah virus and Hendra virus). 29-34 While ferretscan be productively infected with many of these viruses, a lack of some tools to interrogate ferret immunological responses to infection limits insights that might impact the development of vaccines and/or therapeutics. Here, we review recent insights gained from ferret models of human respiratory diseases, with a major focus on influenza, and highlight several knowledge gaps whose closure will greatly enhance the informational gain from ferret models to advance development of human vaccines and therapeutics. AbstractFerrets are a well-established model for studying both the pathogenesis and transmission of human respiratory viruses and evaluation of antiviral vaccines. Advanced immunological studies would add substantial value to the ferret models of disease but are hindered by the low number of ferret-reactive reagents available for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, progress has been made to understand immune responses in the ferret model with a limited set of ferret-specific reagents and assays. This review examines current immunological insights gained from the ferret model across relevant human respiratory diseases, with a focus on influenza viruses. We highlight key knowledge gaps that need to be bridged to advance the utility of ferrets for immunological studies. K E Y W O R D S ferret, immunology, influenza How to cite this article: Wong J, Layton D, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2019;13:535-546. https ://doi.

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Evidence for Viral Interference and Cross-reactive Protective Immunity Between Influenza B Virus Lineages

Cited by 55 publications

References 43 publications

Investigating Viral Interference Between Influenza A Virus and Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a Ferret Model of Infection

Investigating Viral Interference Between Influenza A Virus and Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a Ferret Model of Infection

A newly developed tetraplex real‐time RT‐PCR for simultaneous screening of influenza virus types A, B, C and D

Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease

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