Evidence for Very Early Planetesimal Formation and ²⁶Al/²⁷Al Heterogeneity in the Protoplanetary Disk

Abstract

We present a U-corrected Pb–Pb age of 4566.19 ± 0.20 Ma (1.11 ± 0.26 Myr after t 0) for the moderately volatile element rich, andesitic meteorite Erg Chech 002 (EC002). Our Al–Mg isochron defines a 26Al/27Al initial ratio of (8.65 ± 0.09) × 10−6 that corresponds to a 26Al/27Al ratio of 2.48 − 0.56 + 0.67 × 10−5 for the parent body precursor at the time of solar system formation. Whereas the published bulk chemistry and our high-precision Ca isotope measurement correspond to those for inner solar system materials, the 26Al/27Al ratio overlaps that for outer solar system CI chondrites. This indicates that the carriers and/or processes responsible for the nucleosynthetic isotope compositions for inner and outer disk materials are different than those controlling the heterogeneous distribution of 26Al. A low μ 26Mg* initial value of −6.1 ± 1.7 ppm infers a source region with a subchondritic Al/Mg ratio until 1.1 Myr after t 0 such that melt generation must have immediately preceded its crystallization. With 26Al as the main heating source, a modeled temperature–time path for a 100 km radius parent body with our inferred 26Al abundance suggests that accretion must have occurred before 0.5 Myr after t 0 to reach melting temperatures at appropriate depths within 1.1 Myr. This requires that the parent body formed very early within the protoplanetary disk, consistent with predictions of rapid formation of planetesimals by streaming instabilities within high-density dust filaments during the earliest phase of the protoplanetary disk. Finally, an absence of initial Pb in this otherwise moderately volatile-rich achondrite implies Pb was effectively sequestered to the Fe–Ni core.

Petrogenesis of Erg Chech 002 Achondrite and Implications for an Altered Magma Ocean

“…The recently discovered ungrouped achondrite Erg Chech 002 (EC 002) has been dated as the oldest magmatic achondrite (0.7-2.25 Ma after the formation of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions, CAIs) and provides evidence for very early volcanism in the nascent solar system (Barrat et al 2021;Anand et al 2022;Fang et al 2022;Zhu et al 2022;Connelly et al 2023;Dai et al 2023;Krestianinov et al 2023;Reger et al 2023). The investigations into this meteorite thus benefit our understanding on the driving source for the generation of intermediate-felsic magmatism in the early solar system.…”