EVIDENCE FOR UBIQUITOUS COLLIMATED GALACTIC-SCALE OUTFLOWS ALONG THE STAR-FORMING SEQUENCE AT<i>z</i>∼ 0.5

Rubin, Kate H. R.; Prochaska, J. Xavier; Koo, David C.; Phillips, Andrew C.; Martin, Crystal L.; Winstrom, L.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/794/2/156

Cited by 345 publications

(490 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…In the spectra of star-forming galaxies (SFGs), these absorption lines are observed to be almost always blueshifted from the systemic velocity of the galaxy, which serves as direct evidence for ubiquitous outflows driven by star formation (Tremonti et al 2007;Martin & Bouché 2009;Weiner et al 2009;Rubin et al 2010Rubin et al , 2014Erb et al 2012;Kornei et al 2012;Martin et al 2012;Talia et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES FROM eBOSS: SIGNATURES OF UBIQUITOUS GALACTIC-SCALE OUTFLOWS

Zhu

Comparat

Kneib

et al. 2015

ApJ

104

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We present rest-frame near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectroscopy of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at 0.6 < z < 1.2 from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) in SDSS-IV. One of the eBOSS programs is to obtain 2″ (about 15 kpc) fiber spectra of about 200,000 emission-line galaxies (ELGs) at redshift z  0.6. We use the data from the pilot observations of this program, including 8620 spectra of SFGs at 0.6 < z < 1.2. The median composite spectra of these SFGs at 2200 Å < λ < 4000 Å feature asymmetric, preferentially blueshifted nonresonant emission, Fe II * , and blueshifted resonant absorption, e.g., Fe II and Mg II, indicating ubiquitous outflows driven by star formation at these redshifts. For the absorption lines, we find a variety of velocity profiles with different degrees of blueshift. Comparing our new observations with the literature, we do not observe the nonresonant emission in the small-aperture (<40 pc) spectra of local star-forming regions with the Hubble Space Telescope, and find the observed line ratios in the SFG spectra to be different from those in the spectra of local starforming regions, as well as those of quasar absorption-line systems in the same redshift range. We introduce an outflow model that can simultaneously explain the multiple observed properties and suggest that the variety of absorption velocity profiles and the line ratio differences are caused by scattered fluorescent emission filling in on top of the absorption in the large-aperture eBOSS spectra. We develop an observation-driven, model-independent method to correct the emission infill to reveal the true absorption profiles. Finally, we show that the strengths of both the non-resonant emission and the emission-corrected resonant absorption increase with [O II] λλ3727, 3730 rest equivalent width and luminosity, with a slightly larger dependence on the former. Our results show that the eBOSS and future dark-energy surveys (e.g., Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument survey and Prime Focus Spectrograph survey) will provide rich data sets of rest-frame NUV spectroscopy for astrophysical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES FROM eBOSS: SIGNATURES OF UBIQUITOUS GALACTIC-SCALE OUTFLOWS

Zhu

Comparat

Kneib

et al. 2015

ApJ

104

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“…Lehnert & Heckman 1996;Rubin et al 2010Rubin et al , 2014Coil et al 2011;Martin et al 2012;Bouché et al 2012). Quite the contrary.…”

Section: The Declining Ssfr At Z < ∼mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the cosmic evolution of the specific star formation rate

Lehnert

Driel

Tiran

et al. 2015

A&A

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The apparent correlation between the specific star formation rate (sSFR) and total stellar mass (M ) of galaxies is a fundamental relationship indicating how they formed their stellar populations. To attempt to understand this relation, we hypothesize that the relation and its evolution is regulated by the increase in the stellar and gas mass surface density in galaxies with redshift, which is itself governed by the angular momentum of the accreted gas, the amount of available gas, and by self-regulation of star formation. With our model, we can reproduce the specific SFR− M relations at z ∼ 1-2 by assuming gas fractions and gas mass surface densities similar to those observed for z = 1-2 galaxies. We further argue that it is the increasing angular momentum with cosmic time that causes a decrease in the surface density of accreted gas. The gas mass surface densities in galaxies are controlled by the centrifugal support (i.e., angular momentum), and the sSFR is predicted to increase as, sSFR(z) = (1 + z) 3 /t H0 , as observed (where t H0 is the Hubble time and no free parameters are necessary). In addition, the simple evolution for the star-formation intensity we propose is in agreement with observations of Milky Way-like galaxies selected through abundance matching. At z > ∼ 2, we argue that star formation is self-regulated by high pressures generated by the intense star formation itself. The star formation intensity must be high enough to either balance the hydrostatic pressure (a rather extreme assumption) or to generate high turbulent pressure in the molecular medium which maintains galaxies near the line of instability (i.e. Toomre Q ∼ 1). We provide simple prescriptions for understanding these self-regulation mechanisms based on solid relationships verified through extensive study. In all cases, the most important factor is the increase in stellar and gas mass surface density with redshift, which allows distant galaxies to maintain high levels of sSFR. Without a strong feedback from massive stars, such galaxies would likely reach very high sSFR levels, have high star formation efficiencies, and because strong feedback drives outflows, ultimately have an excess of stellar baryons.

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“…Outflows are commonly detected in star-forming galaxies at >z 0.5 (e.g., Pettini et al 2003;Shapley et al 2003;Weiner et al 2009;Steidel et al 2010;Genzel et al 2011;Rubin et al 2014), and preliminary estimates of the mass-loss rate indicate that it is of the same order as the star formation rate (e.g., Erb 2008;Steidel et al 2010;Genzel et al 2013). The ubiquity of outflows during this cosmic period and their lack of association with active galactic nuclei (e.g., Shapley et al 2003) suggest that they are not associated with a particular phase of galaxy formation.…”

Section: Evidence For Outflowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-N-Out: The Gas Cycle From Dwarfs to Spiral Galaxies

Christensen

Davé

Governato

et al. 2016

ApJ

205

250

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We examine the scalings of galactic outflows with halo mass across a suite of 20 high-resolution cosmological zoom galaxy simulations covering halo masses in the range - . These simulations self-consistently generate outflows from the available supernova energy in a manner that successfully reproduces key galaxy observables, including the stellar mass-halo mass, Tully-Fisher, and mass-metallicity relations. We quantify the importance of ejective feedback to setting the stellar mass relative to the efficiency of gas accretion and star formation. Ejective feedback is increasingly important as galaxy mass decreases; we find an effective mass loading factor that scales asv circ 2.2 , with an amplitude and shape that are invariant with redshift. These scalings are consistent with analytic models for energy-driven wind, based solely on the halo potential. Recycling is common: about half of the outflow mass across all galaxy masses is later reaccreted. The recycling timescale is typically ∼1 Gyr, virtually independent of halo mass. Recycled material is reaccreted farther out in the disk and with typically ∼2-3 times more angular momentum. These results elucidate and quantify how the baryon cycle plausibly regulates star formation and alters the angular momentum distribution of disk material across the halo mass range where most cosmic star formation occurs.

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EVIDENCE FOR UBIQUITOUS COLLIMATED GALACTIC-SCALE OUTFLOWS ALONG THE STAR-FORMING SEQUENCE ATz∼ 0.5

Cited by 345 publications

References 160 publications

NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES FROM eBOSS: SIGNATURES OF UBIQUITOUS GALACTIC-SCALE OUTFLOWS

NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES FROM eBOSS: SIGNATURES OF UBIQUITOUS GALACTIC-SCALE OUTFLOWS

On the cosmic evolution of the specific star formation rate

In-N-Out: The Gas Cycle From Dwarfs to Spiral Galaxies

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