Evidence for two interacting temporal channels in human visual processing

Cass, John; Alais, David

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2006.02.015

Cited by 74 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The suggestion of a subcortical and a cortical mechanism with different temporal dependencies is in qualitative agreement with other studies that show that temporal vision is determined by two channels: one with cortical origin at low temporal frequencies and a subcortical mechanism at higher temporal frequencies (Cass & Alais, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Lateral interactions in visual perception of temporal signals: Cortical and subcortical components.

Teixeira

Silveira

Kremers

2011

Psychology & Neuroscience

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The aim of this work was to isolate and investigate subcortical and cortical lateral interactions involved in flicker perception. We quantified the perceived flicker strength (PFS) in the center of a test stimulus which was simultaneously modulated with a surround stimulus (50% Michelson contrast in both stimuli). Subjects were requested to adjust the modulation depth of a separate matching stimulus that was physically identical to the center of the test stimulus but without the surround. Using LCD goggles, synchronized to the frame rate of a CRT screen, the center and surround could be presented monoptically or dichoptically. In the monoptic condition, center-surround interactions can have both subcortical and cortical origins. In the dichoptic condition, center-surround interactions cannot occur in the retina and the LGN, therefore isolating a cortical mechanism. Results revealed both a strong monoptic (subcortical plus cortical) lateral interaction and a weaker dichoptic (cortical) lateral interaction. Subtraction of the dichoptic from the monoptic data revealed a subcortical mechanism of the lateral interaction. While the modulation of the cortical PFS component showed a low-pass temporal-frequency tuning, the modulation of the subcortical PFS component was maximal at 6 Hz. These findings are consistent with two separate temporal channels influencing the monoptic PFS, each with distinct lateral interactions strength and frequency tuning characteristics. We conclude that both subcortical and cortical lateral interactions modulate flicker perception.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Lateral interactions in visual perception of temporal signals: Cortical and subcortical components.

Teixeira

Silveira

Kremers

2011

Psychology & Neuroscience

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“…This shows that diverse mechanisms in human vision can generate independent conflicting form signals when exposed to a common input, but in normal circumstances, these mechanisms probably combine to support coherent impressions of form (7). Alternatively, it is possible that perceptual experience is usually dominated by a subset of spatiotemporal mechanisms, and that signals from other mechanisms are suppressed-or masked-from awareness (18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sharpening vision by adapting to flicker

Arnold

Williams

Phipps

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Human vision is surprisingly malleable. A static stimulus can seem to move after prolonged exposure to movement (the motion aftereffect), and exposure to tilted lines can make vertical lines seem oppositely tilted (the tilt aftereffect). The paradigm used to induce such distortions (adaptation) can provide powerful insights into the computations underlying human visual experience. Previously spatial form and stimulus dynamics were thought to be encoded independently, but here we show that adaptation to stimulus dynamics can sharpen form perception. We find that fast flicker adaptation (FFAd) shifts the tuning of face perception to higher spatial frequencies, enhances the acuity of spatial vision-allowing people to localize inputs with greater precision and to read finer scaled text, and it selectively reduces sensitivity to coarse-scale form signals. These findings are consistent with two interrelated influences: FFAd reduces the responsiveness of magnocellular neurons (which are important for encoding dynamics, but can have poor spatial resolution), and magnocellular responses contribute coarse spatial scale information when the visual system synthesizes form signals. Consequently, when magnocellular responses are mitigated via FFAd, human form perception is transiently sharpened because "blur" signals are mitigated.spatial vision | adaptation | visual acuity | flicker

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“…Specifically, the results with respect to the temporal frequency demonstrated the existence of multiple local gain control pools at different spatial and temporal surface, and all show the horizontal effect anisotropy. Whereas prior studies (i.e., Lehky, 1985;Anderson & Burr, 1985;Fredericksen & Hess, 1998;Cass & Alias, 2006;Cass et aI., 2009) have used very narrowband masks and shown only two or three temporally tuned channels in Section 1.2.1, current work (Experiment 1) shows that multiple tuned temporal mechanisms are revealed with broadband masks. In this view, further descriptions (i.e., why could prior studies only find 2 (or 3) temporal detectors?)…”

Section: Natural Scenesmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Firstly, the general idea, that two temporal mechanisms are thought to process visual signals using a parallel, has been challenged by some researchers of the' crossorientation' masking effect (Burbeck & Kelly, 1981;Kelly & Burbeck, 1987;Foley, 1994) which is speed variant (the ration of the temporal frequency to the spatial frequency, see , and the asymmetric suppressive masking effect in which high temporal frequency mechanisms appears to suppress those selective to lower frequencies but not vice versa (Anderson & Burr, 1985;Cass & Alias, 2006;Cass, Alais, Spehar, & Bex, 2009). Secondly, one group of researchers supported that the spatial properties of the visual process from its temporal characteristics might not be separable and vice versa, (i.e., Legge, 1978;Wilson, 1980; which is termed as spatio-temporal interactions.…”

Section: Processing the Temporal Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these studies, we might guess that we could not separate the spatial properties of the visual process from its temporal characteristics: the effect of the spatial characteristics of the stimulus depends on its temporal characteristics and vice versa (Legge, 1978;Lehky, 1985;Fredericksen & Hess, 1998;Cass & Alias, 2006). However, it should be made clear that this idea indicating nonseparable properties between the spatial and temporal characteristics derived largely from studies, in which observers viewed sinusoidal grating target probes in the presence of spatially and temporally narrowband mask stimuli in prior works (i.e., further details of mask stimuli across several psychophysical works, see Table 1).…”

Section: A 2 or 3 Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The nature of anisotropy in gain control pools.

Kim¹

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSSo many people impacted this work that I can not begin to thank them all. But, Iwould like to particularly thank my mentor Dr. Edward A. Essock for his careful guidance, thoughtful patience, and support as well as for offering me the opportunity to engage in graduate study. I would also like to thank the rest of my committee members: , 2003). It is thought that anisotropic suppression reflects a gain control mechanism whose output is intented to equalize the neural response to the orientation content biases in natural scenes.Here we further investigate the dependence of this gain control anisotropy on temporal and spatial frequency by measuring tuning properties of these pools.Experiment 1 evaluates (1) the shape and the peak suppression of temporal frequency tuning functions for grating targets at 10 fixed spatio-temporal combinations by varying the temporal frequency of the lifbroadband masks, and (2) whether the observed suppression show the horizontal effect. Experiment 2 evaluates the same properties for spatial frequency tuning. iv The results showed that multiple local gain control pools across the spatiotemporal locations are tuned in temporal frequency and spatial frequency, and all of these pools are stronger at horizontal. Surprisingly, results showed that multiple temporallytuned pools are revealed with a broadband mask, whereas prior studies using very narrowband masks have shown only 2 (or 3) temporally-tuned channels (e.g.,

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Evidence for two interacting temporal channels in human visual processing

Cited by 74 publications

References 34 publications

Lateral interactions in visual perception of temporal signals: Cortical and subcortical components.

Lateral interactions in visual perception of temporal signals: Cortical and subcortical components.

Sharpening vision by adapting to flicker

The nature of anisotropy in gain control pools.

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