Evidence for the presence of African swine fever virus in apparently healthy pigs in South-Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Patrick, Bisimwa N.; Machuka, Eunice; Githae, Dedan; Banswe, Gédéon; Amimo, Joshua O.; Ongus, Juliette R.; Masembe, Charles; Bishop, Richard P.; Steinaa, Lucilla; Djikeng, Appolinaire; Pellé, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108521

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is important to avoid using cats in rodent control programs due to the risks associated with the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii [58,63,65]. Similarly, mammals (including feral and wild pigs) and birds have been identified as reservoirs of African swine fever virus [73], Salmonella [72,74,75], and Streptococcus suis as the causative agent of meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, pneumonia, and septicemia in pigs [76,77].…”

Section: Exposure To Wild Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild boars have not only been reported as playing an important role in the transmission of parasites, bacteria, and viruses to domestic animals but also to humans [80][81][82][83]. These animals have been identified as potential sources of African swine fever virus [56,73,84], Aujeszky's disease [78,79], brucellosis [78,79,82], Campylobacter [80], classical swine fever [85], giardiasis [80], salmonellosis [81], Streptococcus suis [77], toxoplasmosis [81,82], trichinellosis [61,82], tuberculosis [86,87], and yersiniosis [81] in domestic animals, and leptospirosis, tuberculosis, hepatitis E, brucellosis, and trichinellosis in humans [56,78,83]. Conversely, Batista Linhares et al indicated greater probability of contagion of enzootic pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from domestic pigs to wild boars [88].…”

Section: Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, Batista Linhares et al indicated greater probability of contagion of enzootic pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from domestic pigs to wild boars [88]. Pathogens can also be transmitted through consumption of contaminated meat, as in the case of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter [80,81] or viruses such as African swine fever [73] and classic swine fever [85].…”

Section: Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ectoparasites such as Haematopinus suis (lice), Sarcoptes (scab mites), Tunga penetrans (chigoe flea), Cochliomyia (blowflies), and Dermatobia hominis (bot fly) have been identified in Brazilian intensive pasture pig systems, whereas Eimeria, Balantidium, Isospora, Oesophagostomum, Strongyloides, Ascaris, and Trichuris were some of the reported endoparasites [102]. Ticks (genus Ornithodoros) play an important role in the transmission cycle of African swine fever [56,73]. In the Cerrado savannas (Brazil), mowing the vegetation was an effective strategy to reduce the infestation of ticks (Amblioma cajennense complex) in pasture-raised pigs by breaking their life cycle [219].…”

Section: Health Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Welfare and Production Challenges Associated with Pasture Pig Systems: A Review

Pietrosemoli

Tang

2020

Agriculture

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A review of published literature was conducted to identify pasture pig production system features that pose risks to animal welfare, and to develop recommendations aimed at improving the wellbeing of the animals managed in those systems. Pasture pig production systems present specific challenges to animal welfare that are inherent to the nature of these systems where producers have little room to make improvements. However, these systems present other challenges that could be reduced with a carefully designed system, by adopting appropriate management strategies and by avoiding management practices that are likely to negatively affect animal wellbeing. In pasture pig production systems, exposure to extreme temperatures, potential contact with wildlife and pathogens (especially parasites), vulnerability to predators, risk of malnutrition, pre-weaning piglet mortality, complexity of processes for monitoring and treating sick animals, and for cleaning and disinfection of facilities and equipment are among the main threats to animal welfare.

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Section: Exposure To Wild Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Welfare and Production Challenges Associated with Pasture Pig Systems: A Review

Pietrosemoli

Tang

2020

Agriculture

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“…Swine production in West Africa is estimated at 13,678,363 pig heads or 1.43% of animal production [ 1 ]. Many diseases affect pigs, where some are zoonotic, whereas others are transboundary such as African swine fever (ASF) [ 2 ]. It is a deadly and highly contagious viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boars [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African swine fever in Benin and prevalence of the disease in Southern Benin: A retrospective study (2014-2018)

et al. 2020

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Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of African swine fever (ASF) disease in Benin. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 70 pig farms from the Departement of Atlantique and Ouémé and also by using the data available from the Directorate of Livestock on the spread of ASF in Benin from 2014 to 2018. The prevalence of ASF was assessed with 106 nasal swabs from apparently healthy domestic pigs and 15 organ samples from dead ASF-suspected pigs. ASF virus detection was carried out by conventional polymerase chain reaction using Qiagen Kit for DNA extraction. Data recorded were processed with SAS software (2006). Results: It appears that ASF is an endemic disease in Benin with the Department of Ouémé as the hotspot of dissemination of the virus in the country. The losses due to ASF recorded from 2014 to 2018 are evaluated to 884,850,000 CFA Franc by estimating the average cost of a pig at 25,000 FCFA. A prevalence of 1.89% (CI at 95%, 0.71–3.49) was recorded for live animals with a positive result in organs from all dead pigs suspected of ASF. Breeding practices related to the sharing of breeding males, scavenging pigs, and non-compliance with biosecurity measures were the risk factors identified. Conclusion: The present study sheds light on the areas prone to the ASF virus in Benin. Moreover, the cross-sectional data recorded on the prevalence of ASF will help to better rule on the spread of the disease. It would be interesting for the Beninese Republic to increase its efforts for ASF control.

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Diversity and emergence of new variants of African swine fever virus Genotype I circulating in domestic pigs in Nigeria (2016–2018)

Masembe

Adedeji

Jambol

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background African swine fever (ASF) is the most lethal disease of pigs caused by ASF virus (ASFV) with severe economic implications and threat to the swine industry in endemic countries. Between 2016 and 2018, several ASF outbreaks were reported throughout pig producing states in Nigeria. Objectives Thereafter, this study was designed to identify the ASFV genotypes responsible for these outbreaks within the study period (2016–2018). Methods Twenty‐two ASFV‐positive samples by polymerase chain reaction were selected. The samples were collected during passive surveillance in eight states of Nigeria were characterised using 3 partial genes sequences of the virus namely, p72 capsid protein of the B646L, p54 envelope protein of E183L and the central variable region (CVR) within B602L of ASFV. Results Phylogenetic and sequences analysis based on p72 and p54 revealed ASFV genotype I as the circulating virus. Sequence analysis of the CVR of B602L revealed genetic variations with six ASFV tandem repeat sequence (TRS) variants namely, Tet‐15, Tet‐20a, Tet‐21b, Tet‐27, Tet‐31 and Tet‐34, thus increasing the overall genetic diversity of ASFV in Nigeria. Three of the TRS variants, Tet‐21b, Tet‐31 and Tet‐34, were identified for the first time in Nigeria. The new TRS variants of ASFV genotype I were identified in Enugu, Imo, Plateau and Taraba states, while co‐circulation of multiple variants of ASFV genotype I was recorded in Plateau and Benue states. Conclusions The high genetic diversity, emergence and increasing recovery of new variants of genotype I in Nigeria should be a concern given that ASFV is a relatively stable DNA virus. The epidemiological implications of these findings require further investigation.

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Evidence for the presence of African swine fever virus in apparently healthy pigs in South-Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Animal Welfare and Production Challenges Associated with Pasture Pig Systems: A Review

Animal Welfare and Production Challenges Associated with Pasture Pig Systems: A Review

African swine fever in Benin and prevalence of the disease in Southern Benin: A retrospective study (2014-2018)

Diversity and emergence of new variants of African swine fever virus Genotype I circulating in domestic pigs in Nigeria (2016–2018)

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