Evidence for the efficacy of the MORI technique: Viewers do not notice or implicitly remember details from the alternate movie version

Abstract

The MORI technique provides a unique way to research social influences on memory. The technique allows people to watch different movies on the same screen at the same time without realizing that each of them sees something different. As a result, researchers can create a situation in which people feel as though they share an experience, but systematic differences are introduced into their memories, and the effect of those differences can be tracked through a discussion. Despite its methodological advances, the MORI technique has been met with criticism, mostly because reviewers are worried that the MORI technique might not completely block the alternate movie version from view, leading people in these studies to see their partner's version of the movie as well as their own. We addressed these concerns in two experiments. We found no evidence that subjects noticed the alternate movie version while watching a movie via the MORI technique (Experiment 1) and no evidence that subjects remembered details from the alternate movie version (Experiment 2). Taken together, the results provide support for the MORI technique as a valuable research tool.

Online co‐witness discussions also lead to eyewitness memory distortion: The MORI‐v technique

“…In summary, the current studies introduce a virtual variant of the MORI technique and replicate previous findings within the memory conformity literature (French et al, 2008;Garry et al, 2008Garry et al, , 2009Hirokawa et al, 2006;Ito et al, 2019;Mori, 2003Mori, , 2007. Moreover, our experiments provide converging evidence with previous research showing that memory phenomena are affected by different online manipulations (Bourne et al, 2020;Brashier & Marsh, 2020;Giebl et al, in press;Stone & Storm, in press.…”

“…The MORI technique has accumulated evidence that it is an appropriate procedure to explore the co-witness suggestibility effect (French et al, 2008;Garry et al, 2008Garry et al, , 2009Hirokawa et al, 2006;Ito et al, 2019;Mori, 2003Mori, , 2007. In this research, we introduced and tested the MORI-v technique (a virtual variant of the MORI procedure).…”

Pre-Schoolers’ Reports of Conflicting Points Secretly Inserted into a Co-Witnessed Event: An Experimental Investigation Using the MORI Technique

“…The effectiveness of the MORI technique has been shown in various application experiments (French, Gerrie, Garry, & Mori, 2009). It was noteworthy that the present study demonstrated its validity even for pre-school age participants.…”

Podem os pós-avisos de esclarecimento eliminar a conformidade da memória?

“…Existem também investigações sobre a conformidade social em que um comparsa é colocado junto dos participantes, gerindo a discussão e introduzindo a informação enganosa (Gabbert et al, 2004;Paterson & Kemp, 2006). Por fim, existe ainda a técnica mori ("Manipulation of Overlapping Rivalrous Images"; French et al, 2011;French et al, 2009;Garry et al, 2008;Ito et al, 2019) que, pela sua relevância para este trabalho, descrevemos em detalhe mais abaixo. Um resultado comum a estas metodologias para a investigação da conformidade da memória é o facto de os participantes reportarem menor exatidão da memória quando a informação enganosa é introduzida por outra testemunha durante a discussão (French et al, 2011;Gabbert et al, 2004;Gabbert et al, 2006;Garry et al, 2008;Ito et al, 2019;Oeberst & Seidemann, 2014;Paterson & Kemp, 2006;Paterson et al, 2011).…”

“…A técnica mori é a mais vantajosa em relação às outras metodologias para estudar a conformidade da memória, pois é a única em que é possível colocar duas testemunhas lado a lado que, aparentemente, assistem ao mesmo vídeo, no mesmo ecrã e ao mesmo tempo, mas na realidade, assistem a dois acontecimentos com detalhes diferentes sem que se apercebam disso. Tem também como vantagem o facto de serem as próprias testemunhas a apresentarem uma à outra a informação falsa, o que faz com que haja condições de investigação mais ecológicas do que se fosse o entrevistador ou um comparsa a gerarem a informação falsa (French et al, 2009). Tendo estas vantagens em conta, foi esta a técnica usada neste estudo.…”