Evidence for the ‘Cardiac Pump Theory’ in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in man by transesophageal echocardiography

What Is the Correct Depth of Chest Compression for Infants and Children? A Radiological Study

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] We found that compressions at either the lower half of the sternum or the internipple line in the pediatric popu- (Table 2). This finding was different from previous research in adults in which compressions at either the lower half of the sternum or the internipple line led to compressions on the aorta rather than the heart.…”

“…The cardiac pump theory indicates that the reason for forward flow is direct squeezing of the heart. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] According to the thoracic pump theory, circulation results from a change in intrathoracic pressure during rhythmic chest compressions. 12,13 A novel inference called the aortic pump theory was introduced recently.…”

Rescuer factors predict high-quality CPR—a manikin-based study of health care providers

“…A chest compression is a piston-like move to transfer perpendicular force to the patients' chest wall, which changes the intrathoracic and ventricular volume and pressure, resulting in blood flow in and out of the chest [15,16]. From a biomechanical point of view, one should press using upper body weight to increase the force of the compression.…”

Optimal position for external chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an analysis based on chest CT in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest

“…The cardiac pump theory suggests that increased intraventricular pressure, generated as the ventricles are compressed between the sternum and the thoracic vertebrae during CPR, leads to the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves and opening of the aortic and pulmonary valves, which generates systemic and pulmonary circulation 1 13 14. On the other hand, the thoracic pump theory suggests that the circulation is generated by the difference between the external and internal thoracic pressure when the chest is compressed, with the heart simply serving as a pathway for blood flow 15–17.…”