Evidence for Space-Time Clustering of Lung Cancer Deaths

Shear, Charles L.; Seale, Daniel B.; Gottlieb, Marise S.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1980.10667516

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Increased risks have been reported for living close to industries such as smelters, foundries, chemical industries, and others with various emissions (Lloyd, 1978;Shear et al, 1980;Gailey and Lloyd, 1983;Lloyd et al, 1985aLloyd et al, /b, 1986Gailey and Lloyd, 1986;Smith et al, 1987;Williams and Lloyd, 1988;Xu et al, 1989;Barbone et al, 1995;Zaridze et al, 1995;Ko et al, 1997;Bhopal et al, 1998;Petrauskaite et al, 2002). Results of these studies were inconsistent, and confidence intervals of risk estimates were mostly wide.…”

Section: Cancer Risk From Outdoor Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemiology of environmental and occupational cancer

Boffetta

2004

Oncogene

122

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Environmental carcinogens, in a strict sense, include outdoor and indoor air pollutants, as well as soil and drinking water contaminants. An increased risk of mesothelioma has consistently been detected among individuals experiencing residential exposure to asbestos, while results for lung cancer are less consistent. Several good-quality studies have investigated lung cancer risk from outdoor air pollution based on measurement of specific agents. Their results tend to show an increased risk in the categories at highest exposure, with relative risks in the range 1.5. A causal association has been established between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer, with a relative risk in the order of 1.2. Radon is another carcinogen present in indoor air, with a relative risk in the order of 1.06 for exposure at 100 Bq/m 3 . In several Asian populations, an increased risk of lung cancer results among women from indoor pollution from cooking and heating. There is strong evidence of an increased risk of bladder, skin and lung cancers following consumption of water with high arsenic contamination; results for other drinking water contaminants, including chlorination by-products, are inconclusive. A total of 29 occupational agents are established human carcinogens, and another 30 agents are suspected carcinogens. In addition, at least 12 exposure circumstances entail exposure to carcinogens. Exposure is still widespread for many important occupational carcinogens, such as asbestos, coal tar, arsenic and silica, in particular in developing countries. Although estimates of the global burden of occupational and environmental cancer result in figures in the order of 2% and less than 1%, respectively, these cancers concentrate in subgroups of the population; furthermore, exposure is involuntary and can, to a large extent, be avoided.

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Section: Cancer Risk From Outdoor Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemiology of environmental and occupational cancer

Boffetta

2004

Oncogene

122

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“…Several epidemiological investigations have been performed on lung cancer in industrial areas. The studies worthy of mention are the one by Blot and Fraumeni [22], who found a higher lung cancer mortality in areas with chemical, paper and pulp and petroleum industries; the one by Axelsson and Rylander [23], who investigated the possible effects of environmental exposure to chromium due to ferro-chromium alloy industries in Sweden; the one by Shear et al [24], who analysed one parish in Louisiana which had the highest incidence of lung cancer in the United States and who found an increased risk for residents within 1.2 kilometre from industrial facilities, and the study by Matanoski et al…”

Section: Studies On Populations In Industrial Areasmentioning

confidence: 98%