Evidence for selective adjustments of inhibitory control in a variant of the stop signal task

Abstract

The ability to inhibit actions inappropriate for the context is essential for meeting the shifting demands of complex environments. The stop signal task (SST) has been used in many previous studies to examine the interactions between go and stop responses in a cognitively demanding task involving attention, conflict resolution, and motor plan selection. The current study uses a variant of the SST, in which the continue signal instructs participants to proceed with the go response they were preparing. Reaction times (RTs) on continue trials were bimodally distributed, suggesting that an aspect of inhibition was involved in at least some of the trials. We investigated whether the cognitive processes delaying the generation of a behavioural response on continue trials are the same as for stop trials. We found improvement of stop signal reaction times (SSRTs) following stop trials, but the decrease in continue signal reaction times (CSRTs) was not significant. No improvement in either SSRT or CSRT was found following continue trials, suggesting that activation of the processes delaying the response on continue trials is insufficient to drive subsequent adjustments in SSRT or CSRT. In addition, go RTs only slowed following stop trials. These effects may suggest the presence of a selective learning process, which requires that the initial inhibition captured by SSRT and CSRT be combined with recognition of the stop signal specifically to affect subsequent performance.

Neuronal dynamics of signal selective motor plan cancellation in the macaque dorsal premotor cortex

“…However, because inhibition can intervene to regulate behavior in many ways, in recent years, more complex tasks have been used to determine the behavioral consequences of and the neuronal functional architec-1 ture that underlies complex inhibitory control (Bissett and Logan, 2014;Sebastian et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2018;Aron, 2010;Sharp et al, 2010;Boehler et al, 2011;Cai et al, 2011;Chikazoe et al, 2009;Majid et al, 2012;Sebastian et al, 2016). Among the tasks that have proposed, the selective stop task (Bissett and Logan, 2014) An important feature is that subjects can use several strategies to solve the task when the Ignore signal is presented; each strategy requires a different method to implement inhibitory control.…”

Working Memory Vs Inhibitory Control: Peran terhadap Informasi Tidak Relevan sebuah Kajian Neuropsikologi

“…Tes tersebut mengukur kapasitas menghambat pikiran dan respons yang tidak diharapkan (karena interferensi) baik dalam latar akademik (Chamorro et al, 2017) maupun konteks perilaku sosial, misalnya pengambilan keputusan (Leontyev et al, 2018). Geng et al (2005) melaporkan bahwa performansi IC bergantung pada bagaimana usaha IC tersebut menghambat stimulus dan respons yang tidak tepat (Xu et al, 2019). Hal yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa apakah semakin baik kualitas performansi IC maka semakin baik pula kualitas working memory (WM) dalam memfokuskan hanya pada informasi atau stimulus target saja.…”

Analysis of the No Return Point Hypothesis: The Effect of Audio and Visual Stimuli in the Fast Movements Inhibition

“…Also, some studies questioned the task types which were used in Henry and Harrison's experiment, because due to the bisectional nature of the movement that is the Reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT), people use various strategies in order to reach the objective point, which could affect the results (9,20,21). As mentioned earlier, various stopping times have been directly or indirectly stated in some studies (14,17,22). Over the following years, it was seen in some studies that the No Return Point had not been constant in some experiments, and the participant was able to stop his action after starting it rapidly (23).…”

“…Various studies have been conducted in the conformation of the No Return Point hypothesis, which most were in laboratory conditions (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Gao and Zelaznik (20) evaluated Henry and Harrison's hypothesis in detail.…”