Evidence for rapid sedimentation in a tunnel channel, Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario, Canada

Russell, H A J; Arnott, R. W. C.; Sharpe, D R

doi:10.1016/s0037-0738(02)00335-4

Cited by 68 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…, ) provided preferential pathways for meltwater and sediment transport from subglacial to submarginal and proglacial areas in the ORM (Brennand & Shaw ; Russell et al . ; Mulligan et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subglacial and ice‐marginal landforms in south‐central Ontario: implications for ice‐sheet reconfiguration during deglaciation

Mulligan

Eyles

Marich

2019

Boreas

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Regional‐scale, high‐resolution terrain data permit the study of landforms across south‐central Ontario, where the bed of the former Laurentide Ice Sheet is well exposed and passes downflow from irregular topography on Precambrian Shield highlands to flat‐lying Palaeozoic carbonate bedrock, and thick (50 to >200 m) unconsolidated sediment substrates. Rock drumlins and megagrooves are eroded into bedrock and mega‐scale glacial lineations (MSGL) occur on patchy streamlined till residuals in the Algonquin Highlands. Downflow, MSGL pass into juxtaposed rock and drift drumlins on Palaeozoic bedrock and predominantly till‐cored drumlins in areas of thick drift. The Lake Simcoe Moraines, now traceable for more than 80 km across the Peterborough drumlin field (PDF), form a distinct morphological boundary: downflow of the moraine system, drumlins are larger, broader and show no indication of subsequent reworking by the ice, whereas upflow of the moraines, a higher degree of complexity in bedform pattern and morphology is distinguished. Discrete radial and/or cross‐cutting flowset terminate at subtle till‐cored moraine ridges downflow of local topographic lows, indicating multiple phases of late‐stage ice flow with strong local topographic steering. More regional‐scale flow switching is evident as NW‐orientated bedforms modify drumlins south of the Oak Ridges Moraine, and radial flowset emanate from areas within the St. Lawrence and Ottawa River valleys. Most of the drumlins in the PDF formed during an early, regional drumlinization phase of NE–SW flow that followed the deposition of a thick regional till sheet. These were subsequently modified by local‐scale, topographically controlled flows that terminate at till‐cored moraines, providing evidence that the superimposed bedforms record dynamic ice (re)advances throughout the deglaciation of south‐central Ontario. The patterns and relationships of glacial landform distribution and characteristics in south‐central Ontario hold significance for many modern and palaeo‐ice sheets, where similar downflow changes in bed topography and substrate lithology are observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subglacial and ice‐marginal landforms in south‐central Ontario: implications for ice‐sheet reconfiguration during deglaciation

Mulligan

Eyles

Marich

2019

Boreas

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“…Building on the recognition by Gwyn and Cowan (1978) that Newmarket Till extended beneath the ORM, the subsequent cumulative body of work has refined and thoroughly documented the stratigraphic units and relationships that clearly place constraints on any process orientated interpretation of the ORM. Regionally extensive, streamlined Newmarket Till (e.g., Pullan et al 2002;Sharpe et al 2002;Sookhan et al 2018) is incised by a series of valleys that are exposed north of the ORM (Brennand and Shaw 1994;Brennand et al 2006) and that are locally buried by ORM sediment (e.g., Barnett et al 1998;Sharpe et al 2002;Russell et al 2003aRussell et al , 2004Brennand et al 2006;Gerber et al 2018). To the south of the ORM, Halton Till extent and sedimentology has been refined and demonstrated to overlie and be gradational from ORM sediment (White 1975;Sharpe and Barnett 1997;Russell and White 1997;Russell et al 2004;Sharpe and Russell 2016).…”

Section: Orm Origin Between Coeval Ice Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a surface expression of the landscape, valleys stop at the moraine because the ORM sediment overlies and infills the southward subsurface extension of the valleys (e.g., Barnett et al 1998). Data from seismic and drillcore are extensive and unambiguous in the documentation of valley extension beneath the ORM, in papers cited by Sookhan et al (2018) (e.g., Russell et al 2004;Brennand et al 2006;Sharpe et al 2007;Sharpe et al 2013) and in additional publications (e.g., Pugin et al 1996Pugin et al , 1999Barnett et al 1998;Sharpe et al 2002Sharpe et al , 2004Russell et al 2003aRussell et al , 2003b. Drawing upon technical groundwater reports, Sookhan et al (2018) reference Kassenaar and Wexler (2006) as supporting the absence of a regional network of tunnel valleys.…”

Section: Tunnel Valleysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on “Converging ice streams: a new paradigm for reconstructions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern Ontario and deposition of the Oak Ridges Moraine”

Russell

2019

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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“…Woodland, 1970; Long & Stoker, 1986; Boyd et al. , 1988; Piotrowski, 1994; Ghienne & Deynoux, 1998; Eyles & de Broekert, 2001; Russell et al. , 2003; Le Heron et al.…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐transgressive tunnel‐valley infill revealed by a three‐dimensional sedimentary model, Hamburg, north‐west Germany

et al. 2012

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Deep, elongated incisions, often referred to as tunnel valleys, are among the most characteristic landforms of formerly glaciated terrains. It is commonly thought that tunnel valleys were formed by meltwater flowing underneath large ice sheets. The sedimentary infill of these features is often highly intricate and therefore difficult to predict. This study intends to improve the comprehension of the sedimentology and to establish a conceptual model of tunnel-valley infill, which can be used as a predictive tool. To this end, the densely sampled, Pleistocene tunnel valleys in Hamburg (north-west Germany) were investigated using a dataset of 1057 deep wells containing lithological and geophysical data. The stratigraphic correlations and the resulting three-dimensional lithological model were used to assess the spatial lithological distributions and sedimentary architecture. The sedimentary succession filling the Hamburg area tunnel valleys can be subdivided into three distinct units, which are distinguished by their inferred depositional proximity to the ice margin. The overall trend of the succession shows a progressive decrease in transport energy and glacial influence through time. The rate of glacial recession appears to have been an important control on the sedimentary architecture of the tunnel-valley fill. During periods of stagnation, thick ice-proximal deposits accumulated at the ice margin, while during rapid recession, only a thin veneer of such coarse-grained sediments was deposited. Ice-distal and non-glaciogenic deposits (i.e. lacustrine, marine and terrestrial) fill the remaining part of the incision. The infill architecture suggests formation and subsequent infill of the tunnel valleys at the outer margin of the Elsterian ice sheet during its punctuated northwards recession. The proposed model shows how the history of ice-sheet recession determines the position of coarse-grained depocentres, while the post-glacial history controls the deposition of fines through a progressive infill of remnant depressions.

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Evidence for rapid sedimentation in a tunnel channel, Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario, Canada

Cited by 68 publications

References 43 publications

Subglacial and ice‐marginal landforms in south‐central Ontario: implications for ice‐sheet reconfiguration during deglaciation

Subglacial and ice‐marginal landforms in south‐central Ontario: implications for ice‐sheet reconfiguration during deglaciation

Comment on “Converging ice streams: a new paradigm for reconstructions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern Ontario and deposition of the Oak Ridges Moraine”

Time‐transgressive tunnel‐valley infill revealed by a three‐dimensional sedimentary model, Hamburg, north‐west Germany

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