Evidence for PTSD as a Systemic Disorder

Bukhbinder, Avram S.; Schulz, Paul E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_106-2

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The disorder is defined in terms of the presence of several clusters of psychological, behavioral, and physiological symptoms, including intrusive thoughts, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and moods, and arousal and stress reactivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Moreover, PTSD often co-occurs with other psychological disorders and behavioral conditions, including psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, substance abuse disorders, and sleep disorders such as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (Bukhbinder & Schulz, 2016; Flory & Yehuda, 2015; Krakow et al, 2015; Ryder et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, an emerging and broader view suggests that PTSD is a systemic metabolic disorder “in disguise” (Bukhbinder & Schulz, 2016; Michopoulos et al, 2016), involving CNS, neuroendocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory elements (Carvajal, 2018; Flory & Yehuda, 2018; McFarlane, 2017; Mellon et al, 2018; Michopoulos et al, 2016). This alternate perspective suggests that PTSD be reconceptualized as broader than a psychological disorder (McFarlane, 2017; Michopoulos et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a systemic disorder: Pathways to cardiovascular disease.

Krantz¹,

Shank²,

Goodie³

2022

Health Psychology

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Evidence indicates that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most explanations for PTSD-CVD associations conceptualize PTSD as a stress-related mental health disorder that elicits physiological, behavioral, and psychological responses that are causal factors in the development of cardiovascular disorders. This article reviews evidence for the broader physical health consequences of PTSD, and presents a conceptual model based on research suggesting that PTSD is a systemic disorder. Specifically, research findings indicate that diagnostic criteria are just the "tip of the iceberg" of a broader systemic disorder with elements that are cardiovascular risk factors. These systemic physiological and behavioral elements therefore should not be regarded as accompanying but unrelated diseases or comorbidities, but as inherent components of PTSD that directly impact the development of CVD. The systemic disorder approach has implications for the conceptualization of PTSD as a cardiovascular risk factor, for needed research on PTSD and CVD, and for clinical efforts to reduce PTSD-associated cardiovascular risk. It is suggested that treatments that aim to reduce cardiovascular disease risk need to address both the PTSD diagnostic components and its associated cardiovascular risk factors. Further research is needed to test the applicability and implications of the systemic disorder perspective.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a systemic disorder: Pathways to cardiovascular disease.

Krantz¹,

Shank²,

Goodie³

2022

Health Psychology

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“…However, increasing evidence indicates that, because of its wide-ranging physiological effects, PTSD may be a whole-body, systemic disorder "in disguise" (Michopoulos et al, 2016), with the psychological diagnostic criteria being just "the tip of the iceberg." These systemic changes involve not just the brain and behavior, but have effects spanning multiple biological components (Bukhbinder & Schulz, 2016). Systems affected by PTSD include brain circuitry and neurochemistry, cellular, immune, endocrine and metabolic functions, as well as systems regulating behavioral and emotional characteristics (Flory & Yehuda, 2015;McFarlane, 2017).…”

Section: Ptsd As a Systemic Disorder "In Disguise"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolic syndrome is consistently associated with PTSD (Bukhbinder & Schulz, 2016;Koenen et al, 2017;Michopoulos et al, 2016). For example, in various populations, PTSD has been associated with elevated cholesterol levels, hyperglycemia, and abdominal obesity, as well as with type 2 diabetes (Roberts et al, 2015;Vaccarino et al, 2014;Vancampfort et al, 2016), and individuals with PTSD have double the risk for metabolic syndrome compared to population controls (Koenen et al, 2017;Michopoulos et al, 2016).…”

Section: Physiological Mediators Of Ptsd-cvd Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, an emerging and broader view suggests that PTSD is a systemic metabolic disorder "in disguise" (Bukhbinder & Schulz, 2016;Michopoulos et al, 2016), involving CNS, neuroendocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory elements (Carvajal, 2018;Flory & Yehuda, 2018;McFarlane, 2017;Mellon et al, 2018;Michopoulos et al, 2016). This alternate perspective suggests that PTSD be re-conceptualized as broader than a psychological disorder (McFarlane, 2017;Michopoulos et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a Systemic Disorder: Pathways to Cardiovascular Disease. Article in press, HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, 2021.

Krantz¹,

Shank²,

Goodie³

2021

Preprint

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Evidence indicates that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most explanations for PTSD-CVD associations conceptualize PTSD as a stress-related mental health disorder that elicits physiological, behavioral, and psychological responses that are causal factors in the development of cardiovascular disorders. This article reviews evidence for the broader physical health consequences of PTSD, and presents a conceptual model based on research suggesting that PTSD is a systemic disorder. Specifically, research findings indicate that diagnostic criteria are just the “tip of the iceberg” of a broader systemic disorder with elements that are cardiovascular risk factors. These systemic physiological and behavioral elements therefore should not be regarded as accompanying but unrelated diseases or comorbidities, but as inherent components of PTSD that directly impact the development of CVD. The systemic disorder approach has implications for the conceptualization of PTSD as a cardiovascular risk factor, needed research on PTSD and CVD, and clinical efforts to reduce PTSD-associated cardiovascular risk. It is suggested that treatments that aim to reduce cardiovascular disease risk need to address both the PTSD diagnostic components and its associated cardiovascular risk factors. Further research is needed to test the applicability and implications of the systemic disorder perspective.

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Clinical Complexity in Women Veterans: A Systematic Review of the Recent Evidence on Mental Health and Physical Health Comorbidities

Creech

Pulverman

Crawford

et al. 2019

Behavioral Medicine

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Evidence for PTSD as a Systemic Disorder

Cited by 3 publications

References 94 publications

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a systemic disorder: Pathways to cardiovascular disease.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a systemic disorder: Pathways to cardiovascular disease.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a Systemic Disorder: Pathways to Cardiovascular Disease. Article in press, HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, 2021.

Clinical Complexity in Women Veterans: A Systematic Review of the Recent Evidence on Mental Health and Physical Health Comorbidities

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