Evidence for polybaric fractional crystallization in a continental arc: Hidden Lakes mafic complex, Sierra Nevada batholith, California

Lewis, Madeline J.; Bucholz, Claire E.; Jagoutz, Oliver

doi:10.1007/s00410-021-01844-y

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…Major elements were measured on the glass beads using a 4-kW Zetium Panalytical x-ray fluorescence analyzer. Trace elements were measured using solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) following the methods in ( 68 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emplacement of the Franklin large igneous province and initiation of the Sturtian Snowball Earth

Macdonald

Schmitz

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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During the Cryogenian (720 to 635 Ma ago) Snowball Earth glaciations, ice extended to sea level near the equator. The cause of this catastrophic failure of Earth’s thermostat has been unclear, but previous geochronology has suggested a rough coincidence of glacial onset with one of the largest magmatic episodes in the geological record, the Franklin large igneous province. U-Pb geochronology on zircon and baddeleyite from sills associated with the paleo-equatorial Franklin large igneous province in Arctic Canada record rapid emplacement between 719.86 ± 0.21 and 718.61 ± 0.30 Ma ago, 0.9 to 1.6 Ma before the onset of widespread glaciation. Geologic observations and (U-Th)/He dates on Franklin sills are compatible with major post–Franklin exhumation, possibly due to development of mafic volcanic highlands on windward equatorial Laurentia and increased global weatherability. After a transient magmatic CO 2 flux, long-term carbon sequestration associated with increased weatherability could have nudged Earth over the threshold for runaway ice-albedo feedback.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emplacement of the Franklin large igneous province and initiation of the Sturtian Snowball Earth

Macdonald

Schmitz

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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“…Polybaric fractionation has been proposed as a mechanism for the generation of intermediate to felsic magmas in intra-oceanic island arcs and continental arcs (Almeev et al 2013;Hamada et al 2014;Melekhova et al 2015;Lewis et al 2021;Marxer et al 2022). Our findings indicate that the lithologies of the KIC formed by fractionation of high-Al basaltic magmas at shallow (0.1 GPa) levels within the Solomon intra-oceanic island arc crust.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Other Differentiation Mechanisms Proposed For ...mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Chivas et al 1982;Whalen 1985;Haase et al 2014;Müntener and Ulmer 2018), re-melting of hydrothermally altered mafic crustal rocks and possibly sediments (e.g. Petford and Atherton 1996;Haraguchi et al 2003;Smith et al 2003;Saito et al 2011), lower crustal fractional crystallisation of arc basaltic magmas (Loucks 2021), polybaric fractionation (Almeev et al 2013;Hamada et al 2014;Melekhova et al 2015;Lewis et al 2021;Marxer et al 2022), or magma mixing (Eichelberger 1978;Reubi et al 2003;Reubi and Nicholls 2005;Reubi and Blundy 2009;Ichiyama et al 2020;Rezeau et al 2021;Reubi and Müntener 2022).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Other Differentiation Mechanisms Proposed For ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schmidt and Jagoutz 2017). Intermediate to felsic magmas may form in intra-oceanic island arcs by: (1) shallow fractional crystallisation from basaltic melts (Chivas et al 1982;Whalen 1985;Müntener and Ulmer 2018); (2) melting of the hydrous lower crust of island arcs (Smith et al 2003;Saito et al 2011); (3) lower crustal fractional crystallisation of arc basaltic magmas (Loucks 2021); (4) a combination of deep and shallow (polybaric) fractionation (Almeev et al 2013;Hamada et al 2014;Melekhova et al 2015;Lewis et al 2021;Marxer et al 2022); or (5) magma mixing (Eichelberger 1978;Reubi et al 2003;Reubi and Nicholls 2005;Reubi and Blundy 2009;Ichiyama et al 2020;Rezeau et al 2021;Reubi and Müntener 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth of the upper crust in intra-oceanic island arcs by intrusion of basaltic magmas: the case of the Koloula Igneous Complex, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands (SW Pacific)

Sotiriou

Haase

Schneider

et al. 2022

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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The Pleistocene (2.2–1.5 Ma) Koloula Igneous Complex (KIC) on Guadalcanal in the Solomon island arc consists of a low-K calc-alkaline sequence of ultramafic to felsic plutonic rocks. We present whole-rock major and trace element and Sr–Nd-Pb isotope data, as well as mineral compositions that record the magmatic evolution of the complex. The intrusive sequence is grouped into two cycles, Cycle 1 and 2, comprising gabbroic or dioritic to granodioritic rocks. The major and trace element data of each cycle forms a single calc-alkaline fractional crystallisation trend. The distinct radiogenic isotope and incompatible element compositions of the Cycle 1 and 2 intrusions imply slightly different mantle sources. The KIC formed by shallow (0.1 GPa) fractional crystallisation of mantle-derived Al-rich basaltic parental magmas (6–8 wt.% MgO) that were formed by deeper-level (0.7 GPa) fractionation of olivine and pyroxene from Mg-rich (~ 11 wt.% MgO) primary magmas in the Solomon intra-oceanic island arc. Olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, amphibole, biotite, apatite, and Fe–Ti oxides fractionated from the KIC’s high-Al basaltic parental magmas to form calc-alkaline magmas. Liquid line of descent trends calculated using mass balance calculations closely match major element trends observed in the KIC data. The KIC crystallised at shallow, upper crustal depths of ~ 2.0–3.0 km in ~ 20 km-thick island arc crust. This complex is typical of other Cenozoic calc-alkaline ultramafic to felsic plutons in Pacific intra-oceanic island arcs in terms of field relationships, petrology, mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry. Hornblende fractionation played a significant role in the formation of the calc-alkaline felsic plutonic rocks in these Cenozoic arc plutons, causing an enrichment of SiO2 and light rare earth elements. These plutons represent the fossil magma systems of arc volcanoes; thus, the upper arc crust is probably generated by migration of magmatic centres.

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“…See Figure 1 for additional mapping references. Sisson et al (1996), Hidden Lakes samples are from Lewis et al (2021), and all other samples not from this study are from Frost (1987).…”

Section: Supplementary Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mafic intrusions record mantle inputs and crustal thickness in the eastern Sierra Nevada batholith, California, USA

Lewis,

Ryan-Davis,

Bucholz

2023

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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Contributions of heat and/or mass from mafic magmas are commonly invoked in models of voluminous granodiorite and andesite generation in magmatic and volcanic arcs worldwide. However, mafic intrusions are a volumetrically minor component in most arc batholiths. This is the case in the Sierra Nevada batholith, California, USA, where gabbro and diorite plutons are smaller and less abundant than the granitoid suites that make up the bulk of the batholith. Here, we constrain the timing and geochemistry of mafic intrusions in the Sierra Nevada batholith to assess the role of these compositions in arc batholith construction. Previous detailed studies on a limited number of mafic intrusions demonstrate that they formed penecontemporaneously with the felsic batholith, but there is a need for a broader survey of mafic plutons using modern geochronological techniques. New U-Pb zircon ages for 13 gabbro to diorite plutons and geochemistry from 17 mafic intrusions in the eastern Sierra Nevada batholith document two main episodes of mafic magmatism in the eastern Sierra Nevada batholith, from 168 Ma to 145 Ma and from 100 Ma to 89 Ma. These episodes overlap with the ages of granitoid plutons in the eastern Sierra Nevada batholith, including the Late Jurassic Palisade Crest and Late Cretaceous John Muir intrusive suites, in addition to other felsic plutons dated in the eastern Sierra Nevada batholith. Non-primitive mineral compositions in the mafic bodies indicate that their parental magmas are the evolved products of mantle-derived basalts that first differentiated in the lower crust prior to ascent and crystallization in the upper crust. The presence of rocks with cumulate textures, as well as a wide range of bulk-rock compositions (SiO2 wt% 38−64, Mg# 39−74), show that magmatic differentiation continued within each mafic body after intrusion into the upper crust. Sr/Y ratios in melt-like (i.e., non-cumulate) mafic samples suggest that the crustal thickness of the Sierra Nevada batholith was roughly 30 km in the Early Jurassic and increased to ∼44 km by the Late Cretaceous. Concomitant intrusion of mafic melts along with voluminous granitoid plutons supports mantle melting as a major contributor of heat and magmatic volumes to the crust during construction of the eastern Sierra Nevada batholith.

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Evidence for polybaric fractional crystallization in a continental arc: Hidden Lakes mafic complex, Sierra Nevada batholith, California

Abstract: y. The Version of Record is the version of the article after copy-editing and typesetting, and connected to open research data, open protocols, and open code where available. Any supplementary information can be found on the journal website, connected to the Version of Record.

Cited by 16 publications

References 107 publications

Emplacement of the Franklin large igneous province and initiation of the Sturtian Snowball Earth

Emplacement of the Franklin large igneous province and initiation of the Sturtian Snowball Earth

Growth of the upper crust in intra-oceanic island arcs by intrusion of basaltic magmas: the case of the Koloula Igneous Complex, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands (SW Pacific)

Mafic intrusions record mantle inputs and crustal thickness in the eastern Sierra Nevada batholith, California, USA

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